Explore the vast range of titles available.

In this paper, magnetic powder brake is used to load the starting motor in the design of the test bed, so that the loading and transmission is stable and reliable. The star type elastic coupling is used to connect the starting motor and reduce the vibration and noise. At the same time, high precision speed and torque sensor is used to improve the accuracy of the speed and torque data testing of the starting motor. After the test, the test report can be generated automatically and the test data can be stored. The reliability of design and simulation calculation is verified by debugging and continuous operation of the test bed, which provides an effective experimental basis for the design and research of similar products.

Torque sensors such as the torsion balance enabled the first determination of the gravitational constant by Henri Cavendish1 and the discovery of Coulomb’s law. Torque sensors are also widely used in studying small-scale magnetism2,3, the Casimir effect4 and other applications5. Great effort has been made to improve the torque detection sensitivity by nanofabrication and cryogenic cooling. Until now, the most sensitive torque sensor has achieved a remarkable sensitivity of 2.9 × 10−24 N m Hz−1/2 at millikelvin temperatures in a dilution refrigerator6. Here, we show a torque sensor reaching sensitivity of (4.2 ± 1.2) × 10−27 N m Hz−1/2 at room temperature. It is created by an optically levitated nanoparticle in vacuum. Our system does not require complex nanofabrication. Moreover, we drive a nanoparticle to rotate at a record high speed beyond 5 GHz (300 billion r.p.m.). Our calculations show that this system will be able to detect the long sought after vacuum friction7–10 near a surface under realistic conditions. The optically levitated nanorotor will also have applications in studying nanoscale magnetism2,3 and the quantum geometric phase11.A torque sensitivity of (4.2 ± 1.2) × 10−27 N m Hz−1/2 is achieved at room temperature. This sensitivity would be enough to measure vacuum friction.

This paper deals with the measurement of torque using a designed torque sensor. To determine the indicated engine parameters, the torque along with the torque in the combustion space of the individual cylinders are measured. I worked on the measured values to determine the dependence of the torque moments on the engine load. The obtained data was used to assess the possible use for further measurements.

Whether quantum physics is universally valid is an open question with far-reaching implications. Intense research is therefore invested into testing the quantum superposition principle with ever heavier and more complex objects. Here we propose a radically new, experimentally viable route towards studies at the quantum-to-classical borderline by probing the orientational quantum revivals of a nanoscale rigid rotor. The proposed interference experiment testifies a macroscopic superposition of all possible orientations. It requires no diffraction grating, uses only a single levitated particle, and works with moderate motional temperatures under realistic environmental conditions. The first exploitation of quantum rotations of a massive object opens the door to new tests of quantum physics with submicron particles and to quantum gyroscopic torque sensors, holding the potential to improve state-of-the-art devices by many orders of magnitude.

This paper introduces a new approach to build a multi-axis force/torque sensor using a low-cost pre-made strain gauge-based load cells available on the market. Multiple load cells are attached to a rigid Stewart platform, which is designed to decouple multi-axis force/torque values into force components, thereby estimating the multi-axis force/torque components using the decoupled force components. In this paper, the design methodology of the proposed multi-axis force/torque sensor including a theoretical approach are described on how to design the sensor platform geometry, and its actual prototype based on the theoretical method. This was fabricated using a rigid platform, load cells, and an electrical circuit for amplifiers. Finally, a set of experiments were carried out to verify the methodology using the prototype through a calibration process, and sensing performances were described in more detail.

Electric hoists are widely used in construction, water conservancy, and other industries. However, at present, the load measurement and displacement measurement are independent. The sensors are difficult to install and maintain. In this study, a special sensor for the electric winch is designed, which can detect the load of the electric winch and the displacement of the load being dragged at the same time. The characteristic of the sensor is that its main shaft can rotate with the output shaft of the electric winch. The main shaft of the sensor is integrated with the following components: elastomer for torque measurement, gear plate for displacement measurement, secondary transformer for power supply, signal processing circuit for signal transmission, and infrared emission circuit. The resolver is used to supply power to the components on the spindle, and the infrared pulses are used to output the sensor signals. The comprehensive error of load measurement of the sensor is ≤ 0.5% F.S, and the comprehensive error of displacement measurement is ≤ 0.3% F.S.

Rotations of microscale rigid bodies exhibit pronounced quantum phenomena that do not exist for their centre-of-mass motion. By levitating nanoparticles in ultra-high vacuum, researchers are developing a promising platform for observing and exploiting these quantum effects in an unexplored mass and size regime. Recent experimental and theoretical breakthroughs demonstrate exquisite control of nanoscale rotations, setting the stage for the first tabletop tests of rotational superpositions and for the next generation of ultra-precise torque sensors. Here, we review the experimental state of the art and discuss promising routes towards quantum rotations.The rotations of levitated particles can show pronounced quantum effects, enabling tests of quantum physics and torque measurements with unprecedented sensitivity. Breakthroughs in cooling and controlling nanorotors set the stage for such experiments.

Reducing the moment of inertia improves the sensitivity of a mechanically based torque sensor, the parallel of reducing the mass of a force sensor, yet the correspondingly small displacements can be difficult to measure. To resolve this, we incorporate cavity optomechanics, which involves co-localizing an optical and mechanical resonance. With the resulting enhanced readout, cavity-optomechanical torque sensors are now limited only by thermal noise. Further progress requires thermalizing such sensors to low temperatures, where sensitivity limitations are instead imposed by quantum noise. Here, by cooling a cavity-optomechanical torque sensor to 25 mK, we demonstrate a torque sensitivity of 2.9 yNm/ . At just over a factor of ten above its quantum-limited sensitivity, such cryogenic optomechanical torque sensors will enable both static and dynamic measurements of integrated samples at the level of a few hundred spins. Cavity optomechanics enables measurement of torque at levels unattainable by previous techniques, but the main obstacle to improved sensitivity is thermal noise. Here the authors present cryogenic measurement of a cavity-optomechanical torsional resonator with unprecedented torque sensitivity of 2.9 yNm/√Hz.

A six-axis force/torque sensor is designed to solve the problems of the sensor with a resistance strain gauge. For instance, if the adhesive layer of the resistance strain gauge is not firm, the elastic sensing beam will have plastic deformation. The cylindrical conductive rubber is used as the sensing unit, which can detect force/torque by the change of the piezoresistive values. The units are arranged in a spatial eight-point staggered manner, which can reduce the dimensional coupling from the structure. The sensor static calibration is systematically analyzed and researched. The linear decoupling model of the measurement system that incorporating the Least Squares algorithm is established to reduce the dimensional coupling. The new type of sensor structure and static linear calibration algorithm proposed in this paper have good practical applications and popularization values.