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"Torts"
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Structure, Function, and Tort Law
A popular view among tort theorists is that an explanation of tort law must take account its “structure,” since this structure constitutes the law’s “self-understanding.” This view is used to both criticize competing functional accounts of tort law, especially economic ones, that are said to ignore tort law’s structure, and, more constructively, as a basis for explaining various tort doctrines. In this essay, I consider this argument closely and conclude that it is faulty. To be valid, one needs a non-question begging way of identifying the essence of tort law. I argue that law’s “self-understanding” can only make sense if it means the understanding of certain people. Examining those, I conclude that the claim of structuralists is false, for there are many people who take its function to be central. I then further show that if one wishes to understand the development of tort law’s doctrine one must take both structure and function into account. I demonstrate this claim by examining the development of the doctrine dealing with causal uncertainty and vicarious liability.
Journal Article
Oxford Edition of Blackstone's: Commentaries on the Laws of England: Book III: Of Private Wrongs
Oxford's variorum edition of William Blackstone's seminal treatise on the common law of England and Wales offers the definitive account of the Commentaries' development in a modern format. For the first time it is possible to trace the evolution of English law and Blackstone's thought through the eight editions of Blackstone's lifetime, and the authorial corrections of the posthumous ninth edition. Introductions by the general editor and the volume editors set the Commentaries in their historical context, examining Blackstone's distinctive view of the common law, and editorial notes throughout the four volumes assist the modern reader in understanding this key text in the Anglo-American common law tradition. Entitled Of Private Wrongs, Book III can be divided into three principal parts. The first describes the multiple courts in England and their jurisdictions, including the wrongs cognizable in each of them. The second describes some aspects of the substantive common law: wrongs to persons and to personal and real property. The third describes the processes of litigation in the courts of common law and equity.
eBook
Private wrongs
From the perspective of prominent positions in both moral philosophy and legal scholarship, tort law can seem baffling: people are made to pay damages when they are barely or not at fault, yet some serious harms go uncompensated. Many of these puzzles grow out of the assumption that the law's concern must either be to compensate losses or penalize misconduct. In private wrongs, Arthur Ripstein provides a philosophical and systematic account of the rights protected by tort law. The law of tort protects what people already have: their person, understood as bodily integrity and reputation, and property. Ripstein articulates the form of these rights, and provides a simple but compelling explanation of the sense in which the point of damages is to make it as if the wrong had never happened. He explains why this matters even though damages are at best an imperfect substitute and why enforcing private rights is consistent with the other activities of a liberal state without being reducible to them.--Publisher's information.
Book
الآثار الاقتصادية لنظام المسؤولية التقصيرية الإسلامي على المجتمع المهني
تُعتبر تشريعات المسؤولية التقصيرية من أهم التشريعات المدنية وأكثرها ارتباطا بالواقع الاقتصادي للمجتمعات؛ لأنها تتعلق بمسألة حساسة لها أثرها في زيادة تكاليف الإنتاج وقدرة المهنيين على الموازنة بين التكاليف وهامش الربح المتوقع على السلع والخدمات، إذ هي مسألة التعويض عن الأضرار لصالح المستهلكين أو العمال أو البيئة. ومن هنا كان هدف هذه الورقة هو دراسة الآثار الاقتصادية لنظام المسؤولية التقصيرية الإسلامي من خلال منهج التحليل الاقتصادي للقانون وأظهرت الورقة أن النظام الإسلامي يعتمد أسسا ووسائل متعددة ومتنوعة لتحقق أهداف المسؤولية، يحظى في ظلها المجتمع المهني بمستوى معقول من اليقين وانخفاض التكاليف مع حساسية عالية تجاه أهداف المسؤولية المتمثلة في ردع المضر وتعويض المضرور، مما يعني تحقيق أهداف المسؤولية دون الإخلال بتوازن المهني والمستهلك والمجتمع على حد سواء.
Journal Article
Virtual Dignitary Torts
The emergence of the metaverse and spatial computing, which has enabled immersive digital interactions, raise complex legal questions. This work examines the feasibility of addressing dignitary torts – such as battery and intentional infliction of emotional distress – committed via avatars. The particular challenge for tort law is the nonphysical nature of self-representations in these virtual spaces. Drawing from the historical evolutions of several dignitary torts, such as the law of battery and emotional harm, this article argues that the key in allowing for the recognition of such harms is appreciating the expansion of the protection of physical body within these torts, to the protection of a broader concept of the “self.” By this, tort law has demonstrated both its willingness and capacity to recognize new forms of wrongs without sacrificing its core principles. Accordingly, this essay lays the groundwork for recognizing harms in virtual spaces and offers several initial considerations for dignitary tort liability regime and the extension of the self in extended reality spaces. Bridging the gap between evolving technology and traditional tort law is a must in a world where virtual interactions are carrying increasingly real consequences.
Journal Article