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Totalitarian Societies and Democratic Transition
This book is a tribute to the memory of Victor Zaslavsky (1937–2009), sociologist, émigré from the Soviet Union, Canadian citizen, public intellectual, and keen observer of Eastern Europe.In seventeen essays leading European, American and Russian scholars discuss the theory and the history of totalitarian society with a comparative approach. They revisit and reassess what Zaslavsky considered the most important project in the latter part of his life: the analysis of Eastern European - especially Soviet societies and their difficult “transition” after the fall of communism in 1989–91. The variety of the contributions reflects the diversity of specialists in the volume, but also reveals Zaslavsky’s gift: he surrounded himself with talented people from many different fields and disciplines.In line with Zaslavsky´s work and scholarly method, the book promotes new theoretical and methodological approaches to the concept of totalitarianism for understanding Soviet and East European societies, and the study of fascist and communist regimes in general.
eBook
A veil of spears
Since the Night of Endless Swords, a bloody battle the Kings of Sharakhai narrowly won, the kings have been hounding the rebels known as the Moonless Host. Many have been forced to flee the city, including Çeda, who discovers that the King of Sloth is raising his army to challenge the other kings' rule. When Çeda finds the remaining members of the Moonless Host, now known as the thirteenth tribe, she sees a tenuous existence. Çeda hatches a plan to return to Sharakhai and free the asirim, the kings' powerful, immortal slaves. The kings, however, have sent their greatest tactician, the King of Swords, to bring Çeda to justice for her crimes. But the once-unified front of the kings is crumbling. The surviving kings vie quietly against one another, maneuvering for control over Sharakhai. Çeda hopes to use that to her advantage, but whom to trust? Any of them might betray her. As Çeda works to lift the shackles from the asirim and save the thirteenth tribe, the kings of Sharakhai, the scheming queen of Qaimir, the ruthless blood mage, Hamzakiir, and King of Swords all prepare for a grand clash that may decide the fate of all.
Book
Der iranisch-islamistische Totalitarismus
Der iranische Islamismus ist in der Tat eine dritte Form des totalitären Herrschaftssystems. In den letzten vier Jahrzehnten wurden immer wieder die Hoffnungen auf eine Reformierbarkeit des politischen Systems zerstört. Tatsächlich ist der Iran heute stärker als jemals zuvor und das islamistische System entwickelt sich zu einer immer größer werdenden Herausforderung auch für Europa.Der hier verfolgte Ansatz der Analyse ist ein normativer. Der Kulturrelativismus wird abgelehnt. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass ein Gros der iranischen Gesellschaft seit 150 Jahren sowohl kulturell als auch politisch einen Wandel der Gesellschaft und des Staates anstrebt. Die Demonstrationen nach der umstrittenen Präsidentschaftswahl von Juni 2009 haben zweierlei gezeigt: Die iranische Geschichte endet nicht mit dem totalitären Anspruch der iranischen Islamisten, dass das politische System der absoluten Herrschaft des Klerus das Ende der Geschichte und gar ein Modell für die politischen Systeme der Welt ist. Auch wenn die Machthaber des Iran immer wieder zugeben, dass sie die Ideale der islamistischen Utopie noch nicht realisiert haben, muss festgehalten werden, dass die islamistische Utopie selbst eine totalitäre Ideologie ist. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass im Rahmen der Verfassung der \"Islamischen Republik Iran\" eine Demokratisierung des Iran nicht möglich ist. Zudem werden neue Kriterien für den neuen Totalitarismus definiert, die deutlich machen unter welcher diktatorischen Herrschaft die iranische Gesellschaft leidet.
eBook
Druga Reforma Teatru
The history of theatre in the twentieth century distinguishes two theatre reforms. The first took place from the final years of the nineteenth century into the late 1930s. The second was from the mid-1950s to the late 1980s. These were movements of renewal and modernization of the art of theatre. Started by individual artists and small groups and assisted by playwrights and theorists – who were often the artists themselves – both reforms gradually reached wider areas of theatre life. The Second Reform was a reformist movement of young, avant-garde, rebellious and experimental theatre in a searching state. The movement originated in the 1950s in Poland within student and alternative theatres as well as in the United States, as Off-Broadway and then Off-Off-Broadway. It reached tremendous level of expression in the 1960s through the work of Jerzy Grotowski’s Laboratory Theatre, Bread and Puppet Theater, Living Theatre and several other companies in many countries all around the world. It matured in the 1970s, bringing out the theatre of Tadeusz Kantor. In the 1980s, it resulted in Włodzimierz Staniewski’s “Gardzienice.” However, it did not reach some areas of theatre at all. Throughout the West, in South America, Australia and in Japan, the Second Reform was a challenge and an alternative to commercial, popular and traditional theatre. In the part of Europe that was under Soviet Union’s control, the Second Reform was a challenge to totalitarian regimes; it undermined totalitarian censorship and disregarded the communist iron curtain. Its productions were manifestations of freedom. In the field of performance’s creation, the Second Reform brought out and accentuated the communality and processuality of theatre art. In the field of directing, the Second Reform decisively placed the director at the head of the team of creators preparing and executing a theatrical performance. In the field of acting, the Second Reform introduced “acting of being” in place of “acting of character.” In the aspect of space, the Second Reform sought out to integrate the playing area and the observation area of the show; its lasting achievement became a theatre with variable space, “the black box.” In the field of literature, the Second Reform questioned the underlying function of drama in the theatre, practiced “writing on stage” as well as “creating” the text of the show by the actors themselves, and “adapting” existing dramas by the director. The author of this article witnessed, chronicled and participated in the Second Theater Reform. He created productions in its spirit and wrote about it.
Journal Article
Reactionary nationalists, fascists and dictatorships in the twentieth century : against democracy
This book provides a comparative study of fascisms and reactionary nationalisms. It presents these as transnational political cultures and examines the dictatorships and regimes in which these cultures played significant roles. The book is organised into three main sections, focusing on nationalists, fascists and dictatorships in turn. The chapters range across French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and German experiences, and include a broader overview of the political cultures in Central and Eastern Europe as well as Latin America. The chapters consider the identities, organizations and evolution of the various cultures and specific political movements, alongside the intersections between these movements and how they adapted to changing contexts. By doing so, the book offers a global view of fascisms and reactionary nationalisms, and promotes debate around these political cultures.
Book
Amnesty
The revolution has come and gone, with Amberlough City striving to rebuild itself from the ashes. The Ospies have been ousted and the very face of the nation has been changed in the process. Now, a rising politician is determined to bring Amberlough's traitors to justice, including double agent Cyril DePaul. Everyone believes Cyril deserves to suffer for his crimes--except an old lover and an estranged sister. Soon, they become entangled in a web of high-stakes politics, underground crime, and personal deceit. Only the most extreme actions can save them from the iron reach of the law. Amnesty is a smart, decadent, and heart-pounding conclusion to Lara Elena Donnelly's award-nominated glam spy trilogy that will have readers enthralled until the very end.
Book
Worlds of Freedom and Unfreedom: The Totalitarian Imaginaries of Lewis Grassic Gibbon’s Gay Hunter and Antoni Słonimski’s Two Ends of the World
This paper analyses the visions of totalitarian futures in two works written in the interwar period, namely Lewis Grassic Gibbon’s Gay Hunter (1934) and Antoni Słonimski’s Two Ends of the World (1937). In both novels, the rise of Fascism, supported by the use of advanced technologies, is shown as directly responsible for the destruction of the known world and for the suppression of individual and collective freedom. While addressing the rise of totalitarianism, both authors also envision humanity’s return to a more primitive state, however, for different purposes. This paper, therefore, explores the intersections as well as differences in the authors’ perceptions of modernity, progress, civilisation and primitivism, as crucial to their extrapolations of humankind’s destiny.
Journal Article