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"Tourism Economic aspects Southeast Asia."
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The Economic Impact of COVID-19 from a Global Perspective
The world has been waging a fight against the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) since December 2019. The current coronavirus crisis is a catastrophe affecting billions of families worldwide. So far, COVID-19 has wreaked havoc across the globe: by slowing down economic growth; decreasing global trade; hurting health sector; increasing unemployment and underemployment; reducing FDI and hurting the tourism sector. This study investigates the economic costs of COVID-19. By using descriptive analysis, this study shows that the major economic variables, such as economic growth, global trade, health sector, unemployment and underemployment, foreign direct investment and travel and tourism sector have significantly affected by COVID-19.
Journal Article
The politics of environment in Southeast Asia: resources and resistance
The Politics of Environment in Southeast Asiacharts the emergence of the environment as an issue of public debate in the region. Through a series of case studies the authors explore the coalescence of social forces around environmental issues, the process of alliance formation, and the role of state institutions, media and NGOs in the complex political battles over resource allocation.The volatile tensions between the winners and losers in this struggle for the environment will make Southeast Asia a focus of increased attention.
eBook
Health and health-care systems in southeast Asia: diversity and transitions
Southeast Asia is a region of enormous social, economic, and political diversity, both across and within countries, shaped by its history, geography, and position as a major crossroad of trade and the movement of goods and services. These factors have not only contributed to the disparate health status of the region's diverse populations, but also to the diverse nature of its health systems, which are at varying stages of evolution. Rapid but inequitable socioeconomic development, coupled with differing rates of demographic and epidemiological transitions, have accentuated health disparities and posed great public health challenges for national health systems, particularly the control of emerging infectious diseases and the rise of non-communicable diseases within ageing populations. While novel forms of health care are evolving in the region, such as corporatised public health-care systems (government owned, but operating according to corporate principles and with private-sector participation) and financing mechanisms to achieve universal coverage, there are key lessons for health reforms and decentralisation. New challenges have emerged with rising trade in health services, migration of the health workforce, and medical tourism. Juxtaposed between the emerging giant economies of China and India, countries of the region are attempting to forge a common regional identity, despite their diversity, to seek mutually acceptable and effective solutions to key regional health challenges. In this first paper in the
Lancet Series on health in southeast Asia, we present an overview of key demographic and epidemiological changes in the region, explore challenges facing health systems, and draw attention to the potential for regional collaboration in health.
Journal Article
Emerging infectious diseases in southeast Asia: regional challenges to control
Southeast Asia is a hotspot for emerging infectious diseases, including those with pandemic potential. Emerging infectious diseases have exacted heavy public health and economic tolls. Severe acute respiratory syndrome rapidly decimated the region's tourist industry. Influenza A H5N1 has had a profound effect on the poultry industry. The reasons why southeast Asia is at risk from emerging infectious diseases are complex. The region is home to dynamic systems in which biological, social, ecological, and technological processes interconnect in ways that enable microbes to exploit new ecological niches. These processes include population growth and movement, urbanisation, changes in food production, agriculture and land use, water and sanitation, and the effect of health systems through generation of drug resistance. Southeast Asia is home to about 600 million people residing in countries as diverse as Singapore, a city state with a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$37 500 per head, and Laos, until recently an overwhelmingly rural economy, with a GDP of US$890 per head. The regional challenges in control of emerging infectious diseases are formidable and range from influencing the factors that drive disease emergence, to making surveillance systems fit for purpose, and ensuring that regional governance mechanisms work effectively to improve control interventions.
Journal Article
Economic Growth, FDI, Tourism, and Agricultural Productivity as Drivers of Environmental Degradation: Testing the EKC Hypothesis in ASEAN Countries
This study examines the long-run relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and key macroeconomic and sectoral drivers in ten ASEAN economies from 1995 to 2023. Employing Driscoll–Kraay standard errors, Prais–Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panel-corrected standard errors, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), and Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) estimators, the analysis accounts for cross-sectional dependence, slope heterogeneity, and endogeneity. Results indicate that GDP exerts a more-than-unitary positive effect on emissions, with a negative GDP-squared term supporting the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Agriculture raises emissions through land-use change and high-emission cultivation practices, while tourism shows a negative association likely reflecting territorial accounting effects. Trade openness increases emissions, highlighting the carbon intensity of export structures, whereas foreign direct investment exerts no significant net effect. These results suggest that ASEAN economies must accelerate renewable energy adoption, promote climate-smart agriculture, embed enforceable environmental provisions in trade policy, and implement rigorous sustainability screening for FDI to achieve low-carbon growth trajectories.
Journal Article
Air transport resilience, tourism and its impact on economic growth
The aims of this study are to evaluate the influence of air transport and tourism on economic growth in selected Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore in the period 1970 to 2021. The study applies the ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effects (FEM), and random effects (REM), especially to robustness test of the research results by deploying the DOLS, and IV-GMM regression for endogeneity and autocorrelation analysis. The research results confirmed that air transport has a significant and positive impact on economic growth, especially because the positive impact increased in normal economic conditions and decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, if the air transport recovers, it is likely to boost economic development. In addition, there is no impact of tourism on economic growth. The research results also confirmed the positive impact of foreign direct investment and international trade on the economic growth of Southeast Asian countries; however, there is a negative impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth.
Journal Article
Religious Tourism in Northern Thailand
Temples are everywhere in Chiang Mai, filled with tourists as
well as saffron-robed monks of all ages. The monks participate in
daily urban life here as elsewhere in Thailand, where Buddhism is
promoted, protected, and valued as a tourist attraction. Yet this
mountain city offers more than a fleeting, commodified tourist
experience, as the encounters between foreign visitors and Buddhist
monks can have long-lasting effects on both parties.
These religious contacts take place where economic motives,
missionary zeal, and opportunities for cultural exchange coincide.
Brooke Schedneck incorporates fieldwork and interviews with student
monks and tourists to examine the innovative ways that Thai
Buddhist temples offer foreign visitors spaces for religious
instruction and popular in-person Monk Chat sessions in which
tourists ask questions about Buddhism. Religious Tourism in
Northern Thailand also considers how Thai monks perceive other
religions and cultures and how they represent their own religion
when interacting with tourists, resulting in a revealing study of
how religious traditions adapt to an era of globalization.
eBook
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Factors Influencing the Destination Choice of International Visitors to Vietnam
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an attractive tourist destination with diverse and unique experiences, in which Vietnam is considered one of the most famous destinations in this region. Quality evaluations and strategies for attracting international tourists are being thoroughly researched. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has had the most significant impact on the tourism industry, which has suffered greatly. Therefore, the recovery and expansion of international tourism necessitate the employment of tourism-related businesses and service sector workers. Extensive research must be conducted to identify solutions and new directions to recover the international tourist market’s growth as quickly as possible. This study identifies the factors that influence the destination of international visitors visiting Vietnam after the COVID-19 pandemic by modifying and evaluating the scales of the theoretical model. Using the convenience sampling technique, data were collected through interviews with 208 international visitors, with 29 observed variables. Using SPSS 22.0, five factors influencing international visitors’ decisions to visit Vietnam were revealed: tourist motivation, tourist attitude, destination image, social media, and environmental quality. Finally, the authors provide policy recommendations to enhance the allure and viability of Vietnam’s tourism following the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study’s outcome is intended to establish the importance of the many variables influencing the choice of destination for international visitors.
Journal Article
Encounters and Mobilities: Conceptual Issues in Tourism Studies in Southeast Asia
There have been recent attempts to advance research in tourism studies and to redefine the rationale and focus of this field of study. Erik Cohen and Scott A. Cohen have published important and stimulating papers in a recent exercise aimed at rethinking the sociological and anthropological analysis of tourism. They propose a \"mobilities\" paradigm as a conceptual way forward. However, with reference to Southeast Asian research material the established concept of \"encounter\", incorporating the notion of a field of social, cultural, symbolic and virtual interaction, continues to provide an alternative way to think about and analyse on-the-ground activities at tourism sites.
Journal Article