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The wide availability of digital tools, as well as the current global pandemic has transformed the way in which teachers and students interact. This of course will have consequences on the learning of in physics and mathematics in the medium and long term. The objective of this research is to explore what are the feelings, difficulties and adaptations of the teachers to develop online classes. We reach this goal with support on the tetrahedron model for a didactical situation, which describes the interactions between student, teacher, content, and technology. Following a qualitative methodology, a survey of 48 in-service teachers was conducted to explore how teachers' knowledge and their use of digital tools influence teacher-student-technology interactions. The results showed that 65% of the participants feel prepared for online teaching, while 35% feel. However, there is not a big difference in the interactions they promote with the students. Teachers experiment a high level of negative emotions such as frustration and anxiety, many of these emotions were recognised in teachers feeling online teaching. The findings explain how emotional and infrastructural factors are related to the interactions in online teaching. The results have implications in physics and mathematics teacher training programs, the ways we teach physical and mathematical content, insofar we highlight those aspects into account to improve the students' learning.

In this paper, we present a new dataset consisting of 19,407 X-ray images. The images are organized in a public database called GDX ray that can be used free of charge, but for research and educational purposes only. The database includes five groups of X-ray images: castings, welds, baggage, natural objects and settings. Each group has several series, and each series several X-ray images. Most of the series are annotated or labeled. In such cases, the coordinates of the bounding boxes of the objects of interest or the labels of the images are available in standard text files. The size of GDX ray is 3.5 GB and it can be downloaded from our website. We believe that GDX ray represents a relevant contribution to the X-ray testing community. On the one hand, students, researchers and engineers can use these X-ray images to develop, test and evaluate image analysis and computer vision algorithms without purchasing expensive X-ray equipment. On the other hand, these images can be used as a benchmark in order to test and compare the performance of different approaches on the same data. Moreover, the database can be used in the training programs of human inspectors.

This study proposed a novel approach that integrates qualitative and quantitative methods to identify the competency gaps of VHS teachers in Vocational High Schools (VHSs). It comprised four research steps, namely (1) determining the ideal teacher competencies through Fuzzy Delphi technique, (2) arranging the competency priorities by using the analytic hierarchy process, (3) conducting VHS teacher performance evaluation by using a 360-degree rater, and (4) the competency gaps analysis using the IPA matrix. The sample members involved in this study were 7 experts from the industry, academia, and government, and 50 VHS teachers from several regencies in Bali Province, Indonesia. This study suggested that the gaps analysis between the existing VHS teacher competencies and the ideal ones include (1) the pedagogical competency - the low level of factual knowledge mastery in vocational knowledge and skills; (2) mastery in the application of contents; (3) mastery of content knowledge related to vocational teaching subjects; (4) networking and collaboration between the relevant industry and government; (5) continuous professional development; and (6) entrepreneurship. These findings imply that these needs of competencies should be the focus of teacher training programs for VHS teachers.

Running-related injuries (RRI) may result from accumulated microtrauma caused by combinations of high load magnitudes (vertical ground reaction forces; vGRFs) and numbers (strides). Yet relationships between vGRF and RRI remain unclear – potentially because previous research has largely been constrained to collecting vGRFs in laboratory settings and ignoring relationships between RRI and stride number. In this preliminary proof-of-concept study, we addressed these constraints: Over a 60-day period, each time collegiate athletes (n = 9) ran they wore a hip-mounted activity monitor that collected accelerations throughout the entire run. Accelerations were used to estimate peak vGRF, number of strides, and weighted cumulative loading (sum of peak vGRFs weighted to the 9th power) across the entirety of each run. Runners also reported their post-training pain/fatigue and any RRI that prevented training. Across 419 runs and >2.1 million strides, injured (n = 3) and uninjured (n = 6) participants did not report significantly different pain/fatigue (p = 0.56) or mean number of strides per run (p = 0.91). Injured participants did, however, have significantly greater peak vGRFs (p = 0.01) and weighted cumulative loading per run (p < 0.01). Results from this small but extensively studied sample of elite runners demonstrate that loading profiles (load magnitude-number combinations) quantified with activity monitors can provide valuable information that may prove essential for: (1) testing hypotheses regarding overuse injury mechanisms, (2) developing injury-prediction models, and (3) designing and adjusting athlete- and loading-specific training programs and feedback.

Robotic exoskeletons are regarded as promising technologies for neurological gait rehabilitation but have been investigated comparatively little as training aides to facilitate active aging in the elderly. This study investigated the feasibility of an exoskeletal Active Pelvis Orthosis (APO) for cardiopulmonary gait training in the elderly. Ten healthy elderly volunteers exhibited a decreased (−26.6 ± 16.1%) Metabolic Cost of Transport (MCoT) during treadmill walking following a 4-week APO-assisted training program, while no significant changes were observed for a randomly assigned control group (n = 10) performing traditional self-paced overground walking. Moreover, robot-assisted locomotion was found to require 4.24 ± 2.57% less oxygen consumption than free treadmill walking at the same speed. These findings support the adoption of exoskeletal devices for the training of frail individuals, thus opening new possibilities for sustainable strategies for healthy aging.

Vibratory stimuli are thought to have the potential to promote neural and/or muscular (re)conditioning. This has been well described for whole-body vibration (WBV), which is commonly used as a training method to improve strength and/or functional abilities. Yet, this technique may present some limitations, especially in clinical settings where patients are unable to maintain an active position during the vibration exposure. Thus, a local vibration (LV) technique, which consists of applying portable vibrators directly over the tendon or muscle belly without active contribution from the participant, may present an alternative to WBV. The purpose of this narrative review is (1) to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature related to the acute and chronic neuromuscular changes associated with LV, and (2) to show that LV training may be an innovative and efficient alternative method to the ‘classic’ training programs, including in the context of muscle deconditioning prevention or rehabilitation. An acute LV application (one bout of 20–60 min) may be considered as a significant neuromuscular workload, as demonstrated by an impairment of force generating capacity and LV-induced neural changes. Accordingly, it has been reported that a training period of LV is efficient in improving muscular performance over a wide range of training (duration, number of session) and vibration (frequency, amplitude, site of application) parameters. The functional improvements are principally triggered by adaptations within the central nervous system. A model illustrating the current research on LV-induced adaptations is provided.

The ability to understanding proof is essential before students can write their proof. A literature study shows a few interests in investigating the students' knowledge from reading proof. This study aims to assess students' comprehension when they were reading proof using a developed instrument based on the previous study on the same field. Three groups of students from a different level of years from a preservice teacher training program in an Indonesian university are taken as the participants. This paper reports the preliminary finding of students' comprehension score comparison by gender and year level. Further analysis also involved the correlation of students' basic knowledge to their comprehension scores.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Spirulina Platensis supplementation on selected blood markers of oxidative stress, muscle damage, inflammation, and performance in trained rats. Rats (250 g - 300 g) were submitted to a strength training program (eight weeks), divided into four groups: control (GT) (trained without supplementation), trained with daily-supplementation of 50 mg/kg (GT50), 150 mg/kg (GT150) and 500 mg/kg (GT500). Training consisted of a jump protocol in PVC-cylinder containing water, with increasing load over experimental weeks. We evaluated the markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde - MDA and antioxidant capacity) and inflammation (C-reactive protein) at the end of the training. Among groups submitted to strength training, concentration of C-reactive protein decreased after 8 weeks of intervention in the trained group and GT500. Strength training enhanced plasma MDA concentration of malondialdehyde with supplementation of S. platensis in GT150 and GT500. In plasma analysis, strength training enhanced the percentage of oxidation inhibition, with spirulina supplementation in rates of 150 and 500 mg/kg. Spirulina supplementation for 8 weeks (in a dose-effect manner) improved antioxidant capacity as well as attenuated exercise-induced increases in ROS and inflammation. As a practical application, the use as high doses did not cause a reduction in positive physiological adaptations to exercise training. Additional studies are necessary to test the application of Spirulina Platensis in other contexts, as collective sports (basketball, football, soccer).

In view of the characteristics of computer simulation technology, the training program of professional talents is studied. Summarizing the problems existing in the training of professional skilled personnel, the aim is to perfect the method of cultivating professional skills in order to show the training value of computer simulation technology and provide reference for the development of the industry.

PurposeStatic stretching (SS) is performed in various settings, but there is no consensus about the effects of SS programmes on changes in muscle morphofunction. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a high-volume SS programme on muscle strength and architecture.MethodsSixteen healthy young male adults participated, and the dominant leg was defined as the intervention side, with the non-dominant leg as the control side. Stretching exercises were performed two times per week (6 sets of 5 min, totally 30 min per session,) for 5-week using a stretching board under the supervision of the research team. Before and after SS intervention programme, plantar-flexor strength (maximum voluntary isometric contraction, MVC-ISO; maximum voluntary concentric contraction, MVC-CON) and architecture (muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length) were measured via dynamometer and ultrasound, respectively.ResultsFollowing the SS-training programme, significant increases were observed for stretching side in MVIC-ISO at neutral ankle position (p = 0.02, d = 0.31, Δ = 6.4 ± 9.9%) and MVC-CON at 120°/s (p = 0.02, d = 0.30, Δ = 7.8 ± 9.1%), with no significant change on the control side. There was no significant change in any measure of muscle architecture for both intervention and control sides.ConclusionFive-week high-volume SS induced positive changes on some measures of muscle strength but not hypertrophy of plantar-flexor muscles. Even with a volume much greater than already tested, the low strain offered by the SS per set seems be insufficient to induce architectural changes on skeletal muscle.