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\"In Vulnerability and Critical Theory, Estelle Ferrarese identifies contemporary developments on the theme of vulnerability within critical theory while also seeking to reconstruct an idea of vulnerability that enables an articulation of the political and demonstrates how it is socially produced. Philosophies that take vulnerability as a moral object contribute to rendering the political, as the site of a specific power and action, foreign to vulnerability and the notion of recognition offered by critical theory does not correct this deficit. Instead, Ferrarese argues that vulnerability, as susceptibility to a harmful event, is above all a breach of normative expectations. She demonstrates that these expectations are not mental phenomena but are situated between subjects and must even be conceived as institutions. On this basis she argues that the link between the political and vulnerability cannot be reduced to the institutional implementation of moral principles. Rather she seeks to rethink the political by taking vulnerability as the starting point and thereby understands the political as simultaneously referring to the advent of a world, the emergence of a relation, and the appearance of a political subject\"--Page 4 of cover.

Aim: It is widely recognized that the prediction of invasion success at large biogeographical scales requires jointly accounting for alien species traits and local community filters, such as abiotic conditions, biotic interactions and propagule pressure. Despite this recognition, interactions between traits and community filters are generally neglected. Here, we aim to address this limitation by developing a hierarchical framework that builds on trait-based theory to model occurrences of alien species as a function of spatially explicit variables, filtering invasions and their interactions with species traits. Location: Herbaceous communities throughout France. Time period: c. 1960–2012 (mostly after 1990). Major taxa studied: Herbaceous plants. Methods: Based on a large dataset of >50,000 community plots, we built a multispecies hierarchical model of the distribution of the 10 most widespread alien plants in French grasslands. In this model, we explicitly account for how plant height, specific leaf area (SLA) and seed mass affect the occurrence of alien species along gradients of human pressure, environmental conditions and native community composition. Finally, we contrast the results to native species responses along the same gradients. Results: We show that two out of three traits significantly modulate the responses of species along these broad gradients. Alien plants with exploitative traits (i.e., tall and with high SLA) were less dependent on human pressure, more efficient in resource-rich environments and better at avoiding competition from native species. These trait–gradient interactions were often unique to alien plants (e.g., human pressure was important only for supporting alien species with low SLA), even though trait ranges of alien and native species were comparable. Ultimately, the modelling of trait–gradient interactions allows spatially explicit estimations of invasion risks by novel species with particular sets of traits. Main conclusions: By taking the best from multispecies distribution modelling and trait-based theory, our framework paves the way for a generalized mechanistic understanding of how traits influence the success of alien plants and their spatial distributions.

Purpose To assess stable effects of self-management programs, measurement instruments should primarily capture the attributes of interest, for example, the self-management skills of the measured persons. However, measurements of psychological constructs are always influenced by both aspects of the situation (states) and aspects of the person (traits). This study tests whether the Health Education Impact Questionnaire (heiQ™), an instrument assessing a wide range of proximal outcomes of self-management programs, is primarily influenced by person factors instead of situational factors. Furthermore, measurement invariance over time, changes in traits and predictors of change for each heiQ™ scale were examined. Methods Subjects were N = 580 patients with rheumatism, asthma, orthopedic conditions or inflammatory bowel disease, who filled out the heiQ™ at the beginning, the end of and 3 months after a disease-specific inpatient rehabilitation program in Germany. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to estimate latent trait-change models and test for measurement invariance in each heiQ™ scale. Coefficients of consistency, occasion specificity and reliability were computed. Results All scales showed scalar invariance over time. Reliability coefficients were high (0.80–0.94), and consistency coefficients (0.49–0.79) were always substantially higher than occasion specificity coefficients (0.14–0.38), indicating that the heiQ™ scales primarily capture person factors. Trait-changes with small to medium effect sizes were shown in five scales and were affected by sex, age and diagnostic group. Conclusion The heiQ™ can be used to assess stable effects in important outcomes of self-management programs over time, e.g., changes in self-management skills or emotional well-being.

Community biomass allocation is jointly determined by habitat conditions and plant functional traits. Studies of biomass allocation patterns in topographic—soil climax communities of karst ecosystems remain scarce. According to the trait‐driven paradigm, topographic gradients and soil properties indirectly influence karst forest biomass, via their control over community—level functional structure. In the 25—ha Maolan Dynamic Plot of the Karst Forest Ecosystem in South China, we compiled 1255 high—quality trait records for six key plant functional traits related to biomass from 48 dominant species, individual biomass data for 12,354 stems, and fine‐scale environmental variables. Partial least—squares structural equation modeling (PLS—SEM) was used to quantify the direct and indirect factors affecting biomass allocation in this climax karst forest community. We observed that the trade‐offs in biomass among different forest layers were more effective in predicting the biomass status of natural communities (R2 = 0.69). Topographic heterogeneity acted as an environmental filter, driving the assembly of distinct karst climax communities. Community—level trait distributions and abiotic variables significantly influenced both community biomass and its trade‐offs, although trait patterns explained biomass trade‐offs more effectively than environmental factors. PLS—SEM identified slope position as the primary driver of biomass trade‐offs in the karst climax communities, with community—level variation in specific leaf area (SLA) mediating biomass allocation. Slope position decline reduced the community—weighted mean of functional traits (SLA, Wood density, Leaf nitrogen content) and concurrently increased biomass of the stable layer. In parallel, lower community—weighted variance of traits (SLA) attenuated biomass loss in the regeneration layer. These results underscore the pivotal role of trait composition in mediating biomass partitioning at the community scale. In this study, multi‐source data (functional traits of dominant species, topography‐soil parameters, and biomass) of the dynamic monitoring plot of Maolan Dynamic Plot of Karst Forest Ecosystem in South China were collected. The partial least squares structural equation model (PLS‐SEM) was adopted to study the biomass trade‐off strategy of the karst forest community at the “topography‐soil” extremum. It is revealed for the first time that: (1) The forest layer distribution model of community biomass has the advantage of biomass trade‐off in the karst polar community. (2) The karst climax community is jointly influenced by the “topographic – soil” environment, and the community functional structure shows obvious differences. (3) Based on the theory of trait drive, break through the cognitive framework of the functional structure of the community affected by environmental factors from the weighted moments of functional trait communities. This research aims to deepen the understanding of the construction mechanism of non‐zonal vegetation communities in the study of subtropical karst forest ecosystems.

This chapter contains sections titled: History and Background Problems with Ability EI: Why Emotional Intelligence Is Not a Real Intelligence Trait Emotional Intelligence Applications of Trait Emotional Intelligence Experimental Studies in Trait EI References

Purpose The purpose of this study is to extend the research on fashion renting (FR) by investigating how personal and social motives (i.e. “subjective norms”, “perceived behavioural control”, “sustainable orientation” and “FR benefits”) affect consumers’ attitudes and intentions towards it. In addition, personality traits are investigated as potential antecedents of FR, resulting in the proposal of an overall framework that combines the theory of planned behaviour with the trait theory approach. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected in Italy from a sample of 694 consumers, mainly females (88%), with an average age of 28.8 years and coming from all over the country. The collected data were then processed via structural equation modelling. Findings The results indicated that intention towards FR is influenced by attitude, which, in turn, is affected by social norms, perceived behavioural control, sustainable orientation and FR benefits. Furthermore, only fashion leadership acts as a direct antecedent of FR attitude, while the need for uniqueness and materialism plays critical roles as predictors of personal and social motives. Subjective norms and perceived behavioural control also serve as mediators of the significant relationships between personality traits and attitudes towards FR. Practical implications The study provides useful implications for fashion rental companies in attracting consumers and offers a foundation for further research on transforming traditional consumption into a more sustainable one. Originality/value The study presents new knowledge on the rental phenomenon in the fashion sector by responding to the call to deepen the analysis of factors that influence consumers’ adoption of FR from the perspectives of personal and social motives and personality traits.

Purpose>“Fake news” or misinformation sharing using social media sites into public discourse or politics has increased dramatically, over the last few years, especially in the current COVID-19 pandemic causing concern. However, this phenomenon is inadequately researched. This study examines fake news sharing with the lens of stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory, uses and gratification theory (UGT) and big five personality traits (BFPT) theory to understand the motivations for sharing fake news and the personality traits that do so. The stimuli in the model comprise gratifications (pass time, entertainment, socialization, information sharing and information seeking) and personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness and neuroticism). The feeling of authenticating or instantly sharing news is the organism leading to sharing fake news, which forms the response in the study.Design/methodology/approach>The conceptual model was tested by the data collected from a sample of 221 social media users in India. The data were analyzed with partial least squares structural equation modeling to determine the effects of UGT and personality traits on fake news sharing. The moderating role of the platform WhatsApp or Facebook was studied.Findings> The results suggest that pass time, information sharing and socialization gratifications lead to instant sharing news on social media platforms. Individuals who exhibit extraversion, neuroticism and openness share news on social media platforms instantly. In contrast, agreeableness and conscientiousness personality traits lead to authentication news before sharing on the social media platform.Originality/value> This study contributes to social media literature by identifying the user gratifications and personality traits that lead to sharing fake news on social media platforms. Furthermore, the study also sheds light on the moderating influence of the choice of the social media platform for fake news sharing.

Originally conceptualized by Bandura (Person Soc Psychol Rev 3:193-209, 1999) as the process of cognitive restructuring that allows individuals to disassociate with their internal moral standards and behave unethically without feeling distress, moral disengagement has attracted the attention of management researchers in recent years. An increasing body of research has examined the factors which lead people to morally disengage and its related outcomes in the workplace. However, the conceptualization of moral disengagement, how it should be measured, the manner in which it develops, and its influence on work outcomes are areas of continued debate among researchers. In this article, we undertake a systematic review of research on moral disengagement in the workplace and develop a comprehensive research agenda that highlights opportunities for theoretical and empirical advancement of the literature.

Sense of purpose captures the extent to which one feels that they have personally meaningful goals and directions guiding them through life. While this construct has illustrated its ability to robustly predict desirable outcomes—ranging from happiness to mortality—the nature of this construct remains unclear. I begin by describing different definitions and measures from the purpose literature. From there, I review the debates suggesting that it should be classified as a component of identity development, a facet of well-being, or even a virtue. In the current paper, I argue that sense of purpose could be best served when qualified as a trait, building from the eight components of defining a trait from Allport’s (1931) paper: “What is a trait of personality?”. Using this classic piece as a framework, I integrate empirical and theoretical work on purpose and personality to dive into whether sense of purpose is a trait. I conclude by discussing the challenges and implications of bolstering sense of purpose if it is best classified as a trait.