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Background: In Brazil, transgender people over the age of 60 face high vulnerability and discrimination. Objective: The study aimed to identify the social representations (SR) of old age among middle-aged and elderly Brazilian transsexual women. Method: This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study made up of 20 transexual women aged 45 or over (M = 53.4; SD = 5.05). Due to the context of the pandemic, the research was carried out using an online questionnaire for participants from all over Brazil. Two instruments were used for data collection: I) a sociodemographic questionnaire and II) a semi-structured interview. Two pieces of software were used to analyze the data. Initially, the data from the sociodemographic questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS and then the semi-structured interviews were analyzed using IRaMuTeQ using the Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC). Results: The results pointed mainly to issues of trans aging, the challenges faced by society, as well as the loneliness of trans women and their respective invisibility. Conclusion: From the research, it was possible to conclude that the SRs show that trans old age lacks visibility in society, and there is still a need to change stigmas in relation to ageing. Antecedentes: en Brasil, las personas transexuales mayores de 60 años enfrentan alta vulnerabilidad y discriminación. Objetivo: el estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las representaciones sociales (RS) de la vejez entre mujeres transexuales brasileñas de mediana y avanzada edad. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo, compuesto por 20 mujeres transexuales de 45 años o más (M = 53.4; DE = 5.05). Debido al contexto de la pandemia, la investigación se realizó por medio de un cuestionario online para participantes de todo Brasil. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos para la recogida de datos: I) un cuestionario sociodemográfico y II) una entrevista semiestructurada. Se utilizaron dos programas informáticos para analizar los datos. Inicialmente, los datos del cuestionario sociodemográfico se analizaron con el SPSS y, a continuación, las entrevistas semiestructuradas se analizaron con el IRaMuTeQ utilizando la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente (DHC). Resultados: los resultados apuntaron principalmente a las cuestiones del envejecimiento trans, los desafíos enfrentados por la sociedad, así como la soledad de las mujeres trans y su respectiva invisibilidad. Conclusión: a partir de la investigación, fue posible concluir que las RS muestran que la vejez trans carece de visibilidad en la sociedad, y que aún es necesario cambiar los estigmas en relación con el envejecimiento.

OBJECTIVE: Insulin resistance is a risk factor for cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases. Impaired kidney function is linked with insulin resistance and may affect relationships of insulin resistance with health outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a cohort study of 3,138 Cardiovascular Health Study participants (age ≥65 years) without diabetes. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated from fasting and 2-h postload insulin and glucose concentrations. Associations of ISI and fasting insulin concentration with all-cause mortality were tested using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for demographic variables, prevalent cardiovascular disease, lifestyle variables, waist circumference, and LDL cholesterol. Subsequent models were additionally adjusted for or stratified by glomerular filtration rate estimated using serum cystatin C (eGFR). RESULTS: A total of 1,810 participants died during the 14.7-year median follow-up. Compared with the highest quartile of ISI, the lowest quartile (most insulin resistant) was associated with 21% (95% CI 6–41) and 11% (–3 to 29) higher risks of death without and with adjustment for eGFR, respectively. Compared with the lowest quartile of fasting insulin concentration, the highest quartile was associated with 22% (4–43) and 4% (–12 to 22) higher risks of death without and with adjustment for eGFR, respectively. Similar attenuation by eGFR was observed when blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and C-reactive protein were included in models. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance measured as ISI or fasting insulin concentration is associated with increased risk of death among older adults, adjusting for conventional confounding characteristics. Impaired kidney function may mediate or confound this relationship.

Since 1990, Albania has witnessed rural out-migration on a massive scale, both to other countries, chiefly Italy and Greece, and internally to Tirana and other major towns. The scale of this migration has disrupted the multi-generational rural social and kinship systems that, before 1990, displayed strong and coherent family bonds, and simultaneously accommodated paternalistic state directives and were supported by welfare provision for all members of the population. The sudden political, social and rural dislocations that followed the end of the communist regime have made older people particularly vulnerable: many have been left behind by their emigrant children, creating the phenomenon of socially-isolated ‘elderly orphans’. While the migrants' remittances cushion this social isolation, the loss of children and grandchildren through emigration has undermined older people's self-respect and raison d'être in Albanian family life. This paper, based on fieldwork and interviews in regions of heavy out-migration in northern and southern Albania, examines the human impact of emigration on the older people who have been left behind as well as their coping mechanisms, one being to follow their children abroad to care for the grandchildren, enabling the ‘middle generation’, working-age parents both to engage in paid work.

It is particularly important for consumers with specific diseases to attend to appropriate nutrient data in the Nutrition Facts Panel (NFP). Results for participants 45 years or older show that (1) consumers diagnosed with both high blood pressure and high cholesterol are more likely to access sodium and cholesterol NFP information than consumers with only one or neither condition, and (2) there are few differences in attention to less well-publicized but relevant nutrients. The results show a greater need for at-risk consumers to attend to negative (e.g., trans fat) and positive nutrients (fiber) associated with their specific health condition.

The black and ethnic minority (BME) elderly population in England and Wales is increasing. As dementia is an age-related disorder and the prevalence of depression in old age is high, the absolute number of cases of dementia and depression will increase among BME elders. This has implications for the development and delivery of old age psychiatry services (OAPSs) for BME elders. Demographic data pertaining to the elderly from BME groups in the 2001 population census were analysed in detail to evaluate the implications for development and delivery of OAPSs for BME elders. The demographic changes identified have important future implications for the development and delivery of OAPSs for BME elders. Unless they are addressed systematically, BME elders will continue to harbour untreated, hidden psychiatric morbidity. Strategies to ensure that this vulnerable group of elderly are identified and provided with accessible, acceptable and culturally sensitive OAPSs should be developed.

Diet can help-or harm-brain health. Eating foods loaded with saturated fat boosts blood levels of unhealthy low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which are bad for the heart and the brain. A Mediterranean-type diet, in contrast, can help preserve mem

The authors examine the challenges facing Africa's youth in their transition from school to working life, and propose a strategy for meeting these challenges. Topics covered include the effect of education on employment and income, broadening employment opportunities, and enhancing youth capabilities. Labor is the most abundant asset of poor households in Africa. Developing this asset is therefore essential to helping households move out of poverty. Strengthening the work force can also improve the investment climate, increase economic growth, and prevent instability and violence, particularly in postconflict situations, where large numbers of unemployed youth threaten security.

Healthy Aging in Sociocultural Context examines two emerging trends facing countries throughout the world: population aging and population diversity. It makes a unique contribution to our understanding of these timely issues by examining their implications for healthy aging, a topic of increasing importance to policy-makers, planners, researchers, families, and individuals of all ages. The book focuses on three countries that provide important examples of these emerging global trends - Japan, Sweden, and the United States. Japan and Sweden are at the forefront in terms of healthy life expectancies, while the United States represents a country with considerable diversity. Examining these three countries together provides a unique opportunity to address questions such as the following: How can we understand differences in healthy life expectancy among different countries? What role might diversity play? And how might these effects change as geographic mobility increases diversity, even among societies that historically have been relatively homogeneous?

A review essay covering: 1) Antonio Brettschneider / Ute Klammer, Lebenswege in die Altersarmut. Biografische Analysen und sozialpolitische Perspektiven. Sozialpolitische Schriften. Band 94. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot 2016, 461 S., br., 89,90 €; 2) Tina Denninger / Silke van Dyk / Stephan Lessenich / Anna Richter, Leben im Ruhestand. Zur Neuverhandlung des Alters in der Aktivgesellschaft. Bielefeld: transcript 2014, 457 S., kt., 29,99 €; 3) Christiane Mahr, „Alter“ und „Altern“. Eine begriffliche Klärung mit Blick auf die gegenwärtige wissenschaftliche Debatte. Bielefeld: transcript 2016, 246 S., kt., 29,99 €; 4) Chris Phillipson, Ageing. Cambridge / Malden: Polity Press 2013, 192 S., kt. 22,00 €; 5) Simone Scherger (Ed.), Paid Work Beyond Pension Age. Comparative Perspectives. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan 2015, 320 S., gb., 85,29 €; 6) Norbert F. Schneider / Andreas Mergenthaler / Ursula M. Staudinger / Ines Sackreuther (Hrsg.), Mittendrin? Lebenspläne und Potenziale älterer Menschen beim Übergang in den Ruhestand. Opladen: Barbara Budrich 2015, 273 S., gb., 42,00 €; 7) Virpi Timonen, Beyond successful and active ageing. A theory of model ageing. Bristol: Policy Press 2016, 132 S., gb., 42,00 €; 8) Silke van Dyk, Soziologie des Alters. Bielefeld: transcript 2015, 188 S., kt., 13,99 €; and 9) Claudia Vogel / Andreas Motel-Klingebiel (Hrsg.), Altern im sozialen Wandel: Die Rückkehr der Altersarmut? Wiesbaden: Springer VS 2013, 492 S., br., 54,99 €.