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This study examines the extent to which an interest in the proceeds of sale of land is able to be protected by a caveat, under s 115(3)(a) of the LTA. To this end, the history of the LTA and case law are studied to identify the legislative intent behind s 115(3)(a). Various issues such as the scope of a caveatable interest and lack of definitions in the LTA, among other challenges, are identified and consolidated. This study then proposes the use of the definite entitlement test as an extension of the statue for greater clarity.

Consultation by subspecialty experts is the most common mode of rendering diagnosis in challenging cases in pathological practice. Our study aimed to highlight the diagnostic benefits of whole-slide image (WSI)-based remote consultation. We obtained diagnostically challenging cases from two institutions from the years 2010 and 2013, with histological diagnoses that contained keywords “probable,” “suggestive,” “suspicious,” “inconclusive,” and “uncertain.” A total of 270 cases were selected for remote consultation using WSIs scanned at 40 × . The consultation process consisted of three rounds: the first and second rounds each with 12 subspecialty experts and the third round with six multi-expertise senior pathologists. The first consultation yielded 44% concordance, and a change in diagnosis occurred in 56% of cases. The most frequent change was from inconclusive to definite diagnosis (30%), followed by minor discordance (14%), and major discordance (12%). Out of the 70 cases which reached the second round, 31 cases showed discrepancy between the two consultants. For these 31 cases, a consensus diagnosis was provided by six multi-expertise senior pathologists. Combining all WSI-based consultation rounds, the original inconclusive diagnosis was changed in 140 (52%) out of 266 cases. Among these cases, 80 cases (30%) upgraded the inconclusive diagnosis to a definite diagnosis, and 60 cases (22%) changed the diagnosis with major or minor discordance, accounting for 28 cases (10%) and 32 cases (12%), respectively. We observed significant improvement in the pathological diagnosis of difficult cases by remote consultation using WSIs, which can further assist in patient healthcare. A post-study survey highlighted various benefits of WSI-based consults.

The international legal norm that prohibits forcible annexations of territory is foundational to modern international law. It lies at the core of three projects that have been central to the enterprise: (1) to settle title to territory as the basis for establishing state authority; (2) to regulate the use of force across settled borders; and (3) to provide for people within settled borders collectively to determine their own fates. Prohibiting forcible annexations is integral to each of these projects independently, and by tying them together, has had a transformative effect on the legal system as a whole. However, its significance is widely overlooked or misunderstood. Analysts have also largely failed to appreciate that it is now caught up in a broader contest over the future world order and at risk of erosion.

Use a possessive form * \"Plaintiffs contend that the Court improperly ruled in favor of the City in the City's favor based on the Court's interpretation of the ZO because the City did not raise this issue in its motion for summary judgment.\" [Note that the edit could have been \"for the City,\" converting a multiword preposition to a one-word preposition.] * \"Statements by the parties The parties' statements do not control the Court's analysis of the ZO.\" * \"Judge Price emphasized the tm-proper purpose of the lawsuit lawsuit's improper purpose, which was 'to spread the narrative that our election processes are rigged and our democratic institutions cannot be trusted.'\" [The edit also puts which next to what it modifies.] * \"Defendant emphasizes that, in the five years she has been incarcerated, she has obtained her GED; completed the 40-hour drug class; graduated from a 9-month, 12-step, drug-abuse program; and gone on to become one of the leaders of the program program's leaders.\" * \"As a whole, the Court finds the testimony of James James's testimony more believable than that of Berry Berry's.\" All the plaintiffs m this case were either [either were] targeted with impact munitions or chemical agents or were arrested under a challenged curfew order.\" * \"In interpreting the terms of a trust, a settlor's intent is determined by considering the language used in the trust, reading all the [its] provisions of the trust together.\" * \"The circumstances surrounding the two disclosures differ significantly in nature.\" * \"The Court directed Defendants to produce these documents by July 1, 2022.

The United Nations General Assembly adopted the United Nations Convention on the International Effects of Judicial Sales of Ships at its 47th plenary meeting on December 7, 2022 (the Convention). Known as the “Beijing Convention on the Judicial Sale of Ships,” the Convention opened for signature at a ceremony held in Beijing, PRC, on September 5, 2023. By its terms, the Convention will enter into force 180 days after the date that it is ratified, accepted, approved, or otherwise acceded to by at least three states. With strong backing from the maritime community, it is expected that the Convention will enter into force by 2024.

Disputes relating to cryptoassets have proliferated in recent years, along with the rise of the cryptoasset market. Some of these can be resolved using traditional principles of contract, tort or trust law, but proprietary issues raise particular conundrums. While cryptoassets have generally been accepted to be property, that is merely the starting point. To properly resolve proprietary disputes, it is necessary to provide a reasoned and robust explanation for why particular rules of title originally developed in the context of tangible property should apply. In turn, two foundational questions must be answered. First, what is the subject-matter of the property right in cryptoassets? And secondly, what is the proprietary effect of a blockchain transaction? These issues have received relatively little attention in the literature, which has focused on whether cryptoassets are property at all, and existing contributions (including the Law Commission's recent Consultation Paper on Digital Assets) which do engage these issues are far from reaching consensus. This paper critically examines those views and puts forward its own reasoned approach for the application of traditional rules of title to cryptoassets.

As part of modern treaties in the Yukon, self-governing Yukon First Nations each hold title to significant amounts of \"Settlement Land.\" Modernization of the Yukon Government's Land Titles Act in 2016 made it possible for subsidiary title, including leasehold interests on Settlement Land, to be entered on the Yukon Government's land titles registry without extinguishing Indigenous rights and title. The Land Titles Act changes also means that development on Settlement Land is now \"bankable,\" as lending institutions have gained the authority to seize a leasehold land title in case a mortgage defaults. Modernization of the Yukon's land titles statute was a first step in unlocking the potential of Settlement Lands for the benefit of Yukon First Nations citizens and beneficiaries, and encouraging economic development throughout the Yukon. In addition to describing how the Yukon's land titles statute was modernized, this article identifies next steps in realizing the economic development potential, including a discussion of potential benefits and remaining challenges for projects related to leasehold developments on Settlement Land. The article concludes by highlighting examples of early leasehold development successes.

The relationship between a conveyance's validity and its underlying contract has been a classic but unsettled topic for comparative private lawyers over the past three decades. This paper attempts to add positivist and normative observations drawn from property transfer theories and practices in English and Chinese law. A jurisdiction adopting an ‘intent plus’ model does not necessarily recognise a separate intent to convey distinct from the intent in the underlying contract, as exemplified by Chinese law, while a jurisdiction adopting the ‘intent alone’ model does not necessarily deny the separate intent to convey, as exemplified by English law. One advantage for a jurisdiction that takes the separatist approach is its flexibility, so that it can still choose between pure causality, pure abstraction, or context-based abstraction at a later stage. Recent developments show that English and Chinese law are moving towards this approach. As to whether flaws in the underlying contract infect the validity of the conveyance, the English position depends on vitiating factors, whereas the mainstream Chinese judgments tend to be pro-causal. Justifications favouring causality provided in the English and Chinese academia are different, though neither can stand up to scrutiny. The detecting opportunity argument submitted in this paper helps to justify abstraction.

In 2017 UNCITRAL adopted the Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MLETR) to address issues relating to the use of transferable documents and instruments such as bills of lading, bills of exchange and promissory notes in electronic form. The article discusses the background and the main features of the Model Law with reference also to national legislation. In particular, it highlights the challenges posed by the transposition in the digital world of the incorporation of the right to delivery of goods or payment of a sum of money in the paper-based document and illustrates the solutions suggested in the Model Law. It also offers an overview of the status of the adoption worldwide in light of its endorsement by the G7 and of the references made to it in digital trade agreements.