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"Transitional justice Peru."
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Feminist and Human Rights Struggles in Peru
In 2001, following a generation of armed conflict and authoritarian rule, the Peruvian state created a Truth and Reconciliation Committee (TRC). Pascha Bueno-Hansen places the TRC, feminist and human rights movements and related non-governmental organizations within an international and historical context to expose the difficulties in addressing gender-based violence. Her innovative theoretical and methodological framework based on decolonial feminism and a critical engagement with intersectionality facilitates an in-depth examination of the Peruvian transitional justice process based on field studies and archival research. Bueno-Hansen uncovers the colonial mappings and linear temporality underlying transitional justice efforts and illustrates why transitional justice mechanisms must reckon with the societal roots of atrocities, if they are to result in true and lasting social transformation. Original and bold, Feminist and Human Rights Struggles in Peru elucidates the tension between the promise of transitional justice and persistent inequality and impunity.
eBook
Andean Truths
Andean Truths: Transitional Justice, Ethnicity, and Cultural Production in Post-Shining Path Peru studies how literature, drama, film, and the visual arts contest the dominant narrative of national peace and reconciliation, as constructed by Peru’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Established in 2001, the Commission aimed to ‘investigate and make public the truth’ of the country’s twenty-year civil war, drawing upon homologous predecessors that provided a highly scripted model of truth-gathering and national healing. In this model, a predetermined collective mourning, catharsis, and reconciliation would move the nation forward in a consensually-determined fashion. Andean Truths shows that the Peruvian case proves internationally-endorsed models insufficient for arriving at the ‘truth’ of a national trauma that primarily affected disenfranchised ethnic groups, namely, the Andean Quechua speaking populations that accounted for the overwhelming majority of victims of the violence. Even as scholars recognize the importance of bringing multiple voices to the table in discussing post-Shining Path Peru, we are still trying to understand what a more Andean-oriented transitional justice process might entail. Drawing on theories of decoloniality, intercultural communication and epistemological diversity (following scholars such as Enrique Dussel, Aníbal Quijano and Boaventura de Sousa Santos), Lambright analyzes cultural products, from the theater of Yuyachkani to the narrative of Oscar Colchado Lucio, the art of Edilberto Jiménez, and other popular artistic responses, that highlight Andean understandings of the conflict and its aftermath. These cultural products challenge dominant understandings of the conflict and question Peru’s ability to overcome its collective trauma without seriously reconsidering prevailing cultural paradigms.
eBook
Competing memories : truth and reconciliation in Sierra Leone and Peru
\"The aftermath of modern conflicts, deeply rooted in political, economic and social structures, leaves pervasive and often recurring legacies of violence. Addressing past injustice is therefore fundamental not only for societal well-being and peace, but also for future conflict prevention. In recent years, truth and reconciliation commissions have become important but contentious mechanisms for conflict resolution and reconciliation. This book fills a significant gap, examining the importance of context within transitional justice and peace-building. It lays out long-term and often unexpected indirect effects of formal and informal justice processes. Offering a novel conceptual understanding of 'procedural reconciliation' on the societal level, it features an in-depth study of commissions in Peru and Sierra Leone, providing a critical analysis of the contribution and challenges facing transitional justice in post-conflict societies. It will be of interest to scholars and students of comparative politics, international relations, human rights and conflict studies\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
‘I have used up my entire youth in the bush’: the Comités de Autodefensa during and after the Peruvian internal armed conflict
Youngsters participate as combatants at the forefront of armed conflicts around the globe, be it as part of state forces, as members of rebel groups, or as drivers of armed civilian resistance. This contribution explores the social trajectories of (ex-)civil self-defense militia members in Peru who fought alongside the state forces to defeat the Maoist rebels of Shining Path in the 1980 and 1990s. On the one hand, by taking the Peruvian Comités de Autodefensa (CAD) as a somewhat atypical case-study, the article aims to enhance a more nuanced understanding of youth as drivers of and participants in civil war violence which transcends the victim-perpetrator dichotomy. On the other, by analyzing the social trajectories of CAD leaders and members from their youth until the present, it seeks to gain insight into ex-combatants’ claims for recognition, reparation and citizenship in the aftermath of armed conflict. The trajectories of the CAD members demonstrate how the morality of soldiering, steered by ideas about masculinity, militarism and patriotism, gets intertwined with structural societal conditions such as the lack of educational and economic perspectives for youngsters, and the state’s failure to provide protection and security against rebel group violence to those who might need it most. In the aftermath of the conflict, militia service and the corresponding macho warrior identity form a basis of demands for inclusion by an historically marginalized rural population group. The findings on the Peruvian self-defense committees presented in this article have several implications for research and policy in the fields of Transitional Justice and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, and open both thematic and conceptual avenues for further research into civilian participation in armed conflicts around the globe.
Journal Article
Pasados contemporáneos
La necesidad, urgencia y pertinencia de continuar avanzando en los estudios sobre violaciones de los derechos humanos, memoria social y violencia en América Latina, se hace explícita en este libro, pese a las adversidades provenientes de los discursos de banalización o descrédito y de las operaciones de consumo masivo que, sobre estas cuestiones, han desplegado ciertos lenguajes políticos e industrias culturales en el presente. Para ello, se integran perspectivas provenientes de las ciencias sociales y las humanidades, en las que convergen los ámbitos jurídico, político y ético, la crítica literaria y cultural, los estudios sobre visualidad, la historia y la psicología social.
Los trabajos acá compilados asumen también la exigencia de una revisión crítica de los supuestos teóricos que permiten aproximarse a estos fenómenos, de las herramientas metodológicas disponibles y de la mediación que necesariamente se da respecto de los modelos de reflexión construidos en otros hemisferios y contextos. [Texto de la editorial]
eBook
Human rights trade-offs in times of economic growth : the long-term capability impacts of extractive-led development
This book uncovers a historical dependency on smelting activities that has trapped inhabitants of La Oroya, Peru, in a context of systemic lack of freedom.La Oroya has been named one of the most polluted places on the planet by the US Blacksmith Institute.
eBook
From Victims to Beneficiaries
The political and institutional coordinates that appear in official classifications of the victims of the Peruvian armed conflict (1980–2000) affect their subsequent recognition as beneficiaries of reparations programs. A review of the conceptual bases of the Comprehensive Reparations Program calls attention to the tension in the design and implementation of this program between a strictly reparative approach and another that addresses the structural disparities present in the aftermath of the war. Examination of the effects of that tension in two cases shows that the early stages of implementing housing reparations equated the concept of “victim” with that of “poor” and later made poverty a prerequisite for receiving housing reparations and points to the difficulty of making an appropriate offer of reparations for displaced persons, whose specific problems are not properly addressed by the traditional agenda of transitional justice.
Las coordenadas políticas e institucionales que atraviesan la calificación oficial de las víctimas del conflicto armado peruano (1980–2000) afectan su consiguiente reconocimiento como beneficiarios de programas de reparación. Al revisar los fundamentos conceptuales del Programa Integral de Reparaciones destacamos una tensión tensión en el diseño e implementación de este programa entre una perspectiva propiamente de reparación y una perspectiva de combate a las disparidades estructurales presentes en el período posconflicto. Examinamos la presencia y efectos de esta tensión en dos casos concretos. El primero muestra cómo los inicios en la implementación de reparaciones en vivienda equipararon la figura de la víctima con la de pobre, y posteriormente pusieron a la pobreza como requisito para recibir reparaciones en vivienda. El segundo muestra la dificultad de proponer una oferta adecuada de reparaciones para personas desplazadas, al ser una población cuyas características no encajan en la agenda clásica de la justicia transicional.
Journal Article
Are Peruvian Victims Being Mocked?: Politicization of Victimhood and Victims' Motivations for Reparations
Research on the (promised) effects of transitional justice efforts on victims of civil conflicts remains rare. This article seeks to advance the field of research in two ways. First, this article focuses on how Peruvian victimhood became politicized as a consequence of a promised transitional justice mechanism: the Peruvian reparation program. Second, by highlighting the diverse motivations of members of grassroots victims' organizations, it brings to the fore important lessons on the successes and challenges of this transitional justice mechanism.
Journal Article