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"Transliteration"
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TRADURRE COMMENTANDO: NOT E LINGUISTICHE IN MARGINE AL VITRUVIO DI CESARIANO
L'articolo esplora la pratica della traslitterazione nella traduzione del De architectura di Vitruvio pubblicata da Cesare Cesariano nel 1521, intesa come traduzione caratterizzata da una fedeltà estrema al testo latino originale, con minimi adattamenti al volgare. La traslitterazione è una delle possibili vie per superare da un lato le difficoltà del testo vitruviano e la complessità della sua tradizione e dall'altro di sopperire alla mancanza di una lingua tecnica italiana consolidata nel campo dell'architettura. La fedeltà al testo latino nella traduzione (affiancata da un commento, da illustrazioni e da una \"Tabula de vocabuli\" che facilita l'accesso ai termini tecnici) è presentata come la soluzione di Cesariano al problema di una lingua tecnica dell'architettura funzionale a raggiungere un pubblico ampio all'interno del sistema linguistico italiano dei primi del Cinquecento.
Journal Article
Transliterating Latin to Amharic scripts using user-defined rules and character mappings
As social media platforms become increasingly accessible, individuals’ usage of new forms of textual communication (posts, comments, chats, etc.) on social media using local language scripts such as Amharic has increased tremendously. However, many users prefer to post comments in Latin scripts instead of local ones due to the availability of more convenient forms of character input using Latin keyboards. In existing Latin to Amharic transliteration systems, missing consideration of double consonants and double vowels has caused transliteration errors. Further, as there are multiple ways of character mapping conventions in existing systems, social media texts are susceptible to a wide variety of user adoptions during script production. The current systems have failed to address these gaps and adoptions. In this work, we present the RBLatAm (Rule-Based Latin to Amharic) transliteration system, a generic rule-based system that converts Amharic words which have been written using Latin script back into their native Amharic script. The system is based on mapping rules engineered from three existing transliteration systems (Microsoft, Google, SERA) and additional rules for double consonants, and conventions adopted on social media by speakers of Amharic. When tested on transliterated Amharic words of non-named entities, and named entities of persons, the system achieves an accuracy of 75.8% and 84.6%, respectively. The system also correctly transliterates words reported as errors in previous studies. This system drastically improves the basis for performing research on text mining for Amharic language texts by being able to process such texts even if they have originally been produced in Latin scripts.
Journal Article
Transformation and Inclusivity in Translanguaging Through Transliteration: Perspectives of isiZulu Home-Language Students on Discipline-Specific Terminology in isiZulu
African students in South Africa, Africa, and the diaspora exhibit a multiplicity of linguistic repertoires. This multiplicity is captured, at macro level, through applying a translanguaging approach to the use of African languages as languages of learning and teaching. To capture this multiplicity at a micro level, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) employs translanguaging by transliterating English academic concepts into discipline-specific terms in isiZulu. Transliteration creates a phrase that a bilingual isiZulu home-language (L1), English second-language (L2) speaker can understand in both languages. Moreover, transliteration exhibits a transformational and inclusive manner in responding to the academic needs of multilingual African students. Thus, the objective of this paper is to explore isiZulu L1 students' perspectives on the transformation and inclusive aspects of the transliterated terms. The study is situated within the interpretive paradigm and employs a qualitative approach. Using focus group interview data (n = 28), the perspectives of isiZulu L1 students on transliterated terms in isiZulu found in the UKZN discipline-specific terminology lists were analysed thematically. The findings from the data endorse the use of transliteration in developing terminologies in isiZulu as a transformative and inclusive approach to the use of African languages in South African higher education. For bilingual isiZulu/English students, transliteration affords invaluable cognitive benefits and confidence in their academic endeavours.
Journal Article
The effects of the challenges in the transliteration of Persian names into English on the recall of retrieved results in the web of science
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the challenges in the transliteration of Persian names into English on the recall of retrieved results in the Web of Science. The statistical population of this study included the names of all Iranian researchers in the Web of Science database who had published an English article in the period 2010–2017. The initial number of these names was 3,110,873. After refining the data, the number of names was reduced to 11,242, of which 3959 were unique names with different spellings. Bibexcel and Excel were used to analyze the data. The challenges identified were divided into four groups: “consonants”, “vowels”, “omitted or repeated letters”, and “pronunciation”. The effect of each of the above-mentioned challenges on the recall of retrieved results was examined, and the spelling form that had the highest retrieval percentage and frequency among the examples retrieved for each challenge was determined. The results showed that the non-uniform transliteration of Persian names into English and different name spellings resulted in a decrease in recall.
Journal Article
HERITAGE IN STONE: SOME REMARKS ON NEWLY DISCOVERED ANCIENT NORTH ARABIA -SAFAITIC- GRAFFITI FROM SYRO-ARABIAN ḤARRAH
In this paper, we highlight a remarkable compilation of Ancient North Arabian (ANA) \"Safaitic\" inscriptions discovered in the Jordanian Badia, specifically in Wadi Swr'ad and the al-Wadr al-Abyyad. Through thorough analysis and comparison with published inscriptions and other Semitic languages, we uncover an array of personal names and diverse terms. These inscriptions vividly portray the daily customs and beliefs of the inhabitants, offering a valuable glimpse into the intriguing realms of their religious and social spheres. This study underscores the significance of conducting additional survey efforts to record more inscriptions, ultimately enhancing our understanding of the culture of early inhabitants in the region during the first centuries CE. It also sheds light on the development of the Jordanian Badia throughout various time periods.
Journal Article
A NEW SLAB BACK INSCRIPTION ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KALHU (NIMRUD) AND THE NORTH-WEST PALACE OF ASHURNASIRPAL II FROM THE MUSEUM OF ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS (ANKARA)
II. Asurnasirpal, Asur Devleti açısından önemli bir dönüm noktasını temsil etmektedir. Bu kralla birlikte Asur fetihçi bir devlete dönüşerek, imparatorluk olma yolunda önemli kazanımlar elde etmiştir. II. Asurnasirpal, büyük askeri kampanyalarla Asur merkezlerine aktarılan zenginliğin bir kısmını eski bir idari merkez olan Kalhu'nun yeniden ayağa kaldırılması ve burada kendisine büyük bir saray inşası için kullanmıştır. Kalhu'da inşa edilen Kuzey-Batı Sarayı'nın duvarları devlet ideolojisinin bir yansıması olan rölyefler ve yazıtlarla kaplanmıştır. Bu düşüncenin ürünü olarak ortaya konulan eserler ve bu eserlerin duvarlarını kaplayan rölyef ve yazıtlar ciddi bir propaganda araçları olarak hizmet etmişlerdir. Biz bu çalışmada II. Asurnasirpal'in sarayında yer alan bir kraliyet yazıtının, transliterasyon, tercüme ve açıklamalarına yer vermekteyiz. Yazıt Asur kralının soy, unvan, askeri seferlerinin özeti, Kalhu'nun yeniden imarı ve Kuzey-Batı Sarayı'nın imarına ilişkin özet bilgileri içermektedir. Bu yazıt da diğer tüm kraliyet yazıtlarda olduğu gibi devlet ideolojisinin ürünü olarak kralı yüceltici ibaretler içermekte ve onu muzaffer bir savaşçı ve başarılı bir inşaatçı olarak gösterme eğilimdedir. Ancak biz bu yazıtı standart yazıt olarak değerlendirmektense \"Panel Arkası Yazıtı\" olarak değerlendirmeyi tercih ediyoruz. Bu tür yazıtların varlığı çok az bilinmektedir ve modern araştırmacılar çalışmalarında genellikle bu tür yazıtların varlığını göz ardı etmektedir. Bu çalışma ile bu tür yazıtların tanınırlığının daha artacağı ve ilerleyen yıllarda kraliyet yazıtlarına yönelik çalışmalarda bu ayrımın gözetileceği inancındayız.
Journal Article
EARLY BABYLONIAN TABLETS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM'S KUYUNJIK COLLECTION 2: A NEW MANUSCRIPT OF THE COMPOSITION “LETTER FROM SÎN-ŠAMUḪ TO THE GOD ENKI”
This short paper publishes a new manuscript of the literary composition “Letter from Sîn-šamuḫ to the god Enki” (ETCSL 3.3.19). K.8755 is one of the tablets which proved to be Old Babylonian in spite of their assignment to the British Museum's Kuyunjik Collection. It preserves parts of ll. 8–15 of the composition and probably belonged to a multiple columns tablet. The present paper offers a score transliteration of the lines concerned, based both on the recently published copies and the online photos of the other mss. It provides a number of new readings and interpretations on individual lines.
Journal Article
Embedded Music Theory
Around the world, music theory is commonly understood as knowledge cultivated by specialist musicians and scholars. It is also assumed to require analytical terminology supplemented with visual representations. However, even in performance traditions less concerned with explicit formulations of musical processes, musical theorizations can be embedded in the minds of the performers and their audiences. This article aims to broaden common understandings of music theory through the lens of orally transmitted ritualistic verses from Sri Lanka, which are sung or recited along with drumming. Versions of these Sinhala verses have been previously published in Sedaraman, J.E. 2008 [1964]. Uḍaraṭa Näṭum Kalāva [The Art of Up-country Dance] (Colombo: M.D. Gunasena). Transliterations and translations of these verses are presented alongside audio recordings of performances (some including video), to illustrate the ways in which the oral transmission and performance of such lyrics involves different modes of theorizing—such as knowledge of how conventional poetic meters can be sung, shared understandings of how to interpret vocables as drum strokes, and the association of different drum timbres with cosmological references. The article provides socio-historical context for the verses, details their form, explains the underlying conventions of versification, and analyzes the relationship between recited syllables and drum strokes, while highlighting the various processes of theorizing that undergird them.PEER REVIEWER: Garrett Field
Journal Article