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The present empirical study aims to determine the key factors influencing the travel intention of persons with disabilities who live across the Tungurahua Province, Ecuador. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between September 2019 and mid-March 2020, and collected 473 valid questionnaires containing critical components of the medical and social models of disability. Collected data were quantitatively analysed with multiple regression analysis. Results showed that some crucial elements of the social model of disability (i.e., socio-demographic features and destination quality dimensions) and an element of the medical model of disability (i.e., dependency or need of other persons) significantly affect the travel intentions of persons with disabilities (p<0.001). Findings allowed to conceptualise a new theoretical framework to potentially address and solve accessible and inclusive issues of persons with disabilities from Tungurahua Province-Ecuador and other international nations with similar natural and cultural attractions.

This study introduces a new travel pattern “pandemic-restricted travel” that exists from COVID-19 based on prospect theory. The purpose of this study is to incorporate the motivation to travel and constraint to normal travel to predict tourists’ intention to continue visiting other alternative destinations due to COVID-19 restrictions. This study first generated the items of motivation to travel and constraints to normal travel from a focus group interview with 15 travel industry professionals in December 2020 in Zhuhai. Then, an online survey collected data from 416 respondents in the Greater Bay Area of China from January to February 2021. The results of exploratory factor analysis using SPSS identified two factors of motivation to travel (leisure and exploration) and two factors of favourable constraints to normal travel (policy restriction and perceived risk). The results of partial least squares–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) indicated that these four factors positively influence satisfaction but only leisure and exploration factors positively influence the intention of continuous pandemic-restricted travel. Among the four factors, leisure has the strongest impact on both satisfaction and intention of continue travelling. The results also revealed that satisfaction fully mediates the effects of two constraint factors and partially mediates the effects of two motivation factors on the intention of continuous pandemic-restricted travel. Implications for researchers and governments for pandemic-restricted travel during and in the post-COVID-19 era are then discussed.

This research delves into the primary factors driving athletes, specifically master swimmers, to Qatar for competitive sports events. Employing a discrete choice survey methodology, hypothetical event packages were crafted to mimic athletes' decision-making processes in selecting their travel options. Data collection was conducted through face-to-face interviews administered to 175 individuals experienced in aquatics. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS software was utilized to explore the relationship between travel motivations and two key outcomes: the intention to visit Qatar and overall satisfaction with the Masters Aquatics Championship 2024, as well as the mediating influence of satisfaction. The findings underscored the significant impact of motivators such as the pursuit of stimulation, novelty, and escapism on both athletes' intent to visit Qatar and their satisfaction with the event. Conversely, motivations tied to competitive social status and the desire for victory exhibited varying levels of influence, with the latter exerting a lesser impact on travel intentions.

This research delves into the primary factors driving athletes, specifically master swimmers, to Qatar for competitive sports events. Employing a discrete choice survey methodology, hypothetical event packages were crafted to mimic athletes' decision-making processes in selecting their travel options. Data collection was conducted through face-to-face interviews administered to 175 individuals experienced in aquatics. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS software was utilized to explore the relationship between travel motivations and two key outcomes: the intention to visit Qatar and overall satisfaction with the Masters Aquatics Championship 2024, as well as the mediating influence of satisfaction. The findings underscored the significant impact of motivators such as the pursuit of stimulation, novelty, and escapism on both athletes' intent to visit Qatar and their satisfaction with the event. Conversely, motivations tied to competitive social status and the desire for victory exhibited varying levels of influence, with the latter exerting a lesser impact on travel intentions.

Purpose This study aims to understand customers’ watching experience with travel vlogs and its impacts on one of the most prominent manifestations of customer engagement behaviors (CEBs) – word-of-mouth (WOM) – and their travel intention. Drawing upon the theory of resonance, this study incorporated both cognitive and emotional aspects of travel vlog watching experience. Design/methodology/approach Online survey data were collected from 352 participants who have watched travel vlogs over the past 12 months. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was performed for hypotheses testing. Findings The study results reveal positive impacts of source credibility, inspiration, escapism and self-congruence on WOM, which further leads to travel intention. While source credibility is the strongest predictor of WOM, more factors representing the emotional resonance turn out to be the driving factors of WOM. Research limitations/implications This study pinpoints the value of investigating audiences’ vlogs watching experience from a CEB perspective within the tourism setting. Future research is encouraged to explore more types of CEBs in the intersection of social media consumption and travel behaviors. Practical implications Travel vloggers need to convey their intrinsic passion and enthusiasm to create an emotional connection with the audiences. Hospitality and tourism marketers are recommended to promote products and services by incentivizing audiences to engage with the travel vlogs. Originality/value No prior research integrated vlogs watching experiences, engagement behavior and future travel intention in a tourism setting. This study fills this gap and contributes to the literature on customer engagement, media consumption and marketing.

Understanding tourist behavior during and after major tourism crises is essential to help destinations recover. The COVID-19 pandemic — a period of uncertainty and risk — makes it relevant to assess factors that influence travel intentions. There has been little research on tourist behavior during health crises and, in particular, on perceived health risk and uncertainty effects on travel intentions. This study was carried out at the beginning of the pandemic in Brazil and aims to investigate the role of health risk perception and intolerance of uncertainty on travel intentions for 2020 and 2021. We applied an online survey to 1150 Brazilian participants from April to May 2020. Our findings indicate that perceived COVID-19 severity, perceived probability of infection, and expected duration of the pandemic are significant predictors of travel intentions for both years. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of crisis-resistant tourists’ characteristics and provides insights for destinations’ recovery.

Purpose – This study aims to provide empirical evidences on how post-pandemic travel intentions are formed in relation to the influences of travel motivations and pandemic-related factors (i.e., pandemic anxiety, health consciousness, and pandemic resilience). Also, this study aims to understand the differences in this travel intentions’ formation between potential and repeat visitors. Methodology/Design/Approach – An online survey was distributed to Indonesian potential and repeat visitors travelling to Australia, collecting 500 valid questionnaires. The factor analysis and hierarchical multiple regression were used to understand the influences of travel motivations, pandemic anxiety, health consciousness, and pandemic resilience in determining potential and repeat visitors’ travel intentions. Findings – The findings indicated that pandemic anxiety, health consciousness, and pandemic resilience jointly influenced the motivation-intention relationships for both potential and repeat visitors. Potential visitors’ travel intentions were primarily driven by pandemic resilience, whereas repeat visitors’ intentions were significantly influenced by novelty seeking, social seeking motivations, and health consciousness. Originality of the research – By developing and testing a model that integrates travel motivations and pandemic-related factors in determining potential and repeat visitors’ travel intentions, this offers valuable insights for destination marketers, aiding in the sector’s recovery during and following challenging times.

Purpose This study aims to examine the moderated-mediation impact of consumer involvement and destination preference on travel intentions. Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) and elaboration likelihood model (ELM) guided the conceptual framework of this study. Design/methodology/approach Churchill’s (1979) guidelines instrumentalize the scientific development and validation of measurement scales for data collection. The authors used higher-order multivariate analyzes such as structural equation modeling (SEM) and the Hayes process model for evaluating the hypotheses. The study uses Bauer et al. (2006) method to assess the conditional indirect effects of Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on travel intention through destination preference at varying levels of consumer involvement. Findings SOR and ELM model successfully explained the moderated-mediation effect of eWOM, consumer involvement and destination preference in influencing the travel intentions. Results broaden the applicability of SOR and ELM in tourism marketing. Results indicate that consumer involvement moderated the direct and indirect influence of eWOM on travel intention via destination preference, such that the eWOM influence in shaping travel intention is stronger for highly involved consumers. Research limitations/implications The present study broadens the applicability of integrated SOR and ELM models to explain the moderated-mediation network between eWOM and travel intentions. Study findings offer new avenues to tourism marketers for the magnified effect of eWOM for promoting tourism. Tourism marketers may use customer journeys to build destination preference through organic information exchange with prospective travelers. Future researchers and practitioners can build prescriptive and predictive models based on altered levels of consumer involvement. Originality/value Present study pioneers in examining the interactive effect of moderated mediation network of consumer involvement and destination preference in shaping the travel intention. Grounded in SOR and ELM model, the present study is a trailblazer to offer the integrated moderated-mediation model between eWOM, destination preference, consumer involvement and travel intention. 电子口碑、目的地偏好和消费者参与 – 刺激-机体-响应 (SOR) 视角 目的 本研究考察了消费者参与和目的地偏好对旅行意图的适度中介影响。刺激-有机体-响应 (SOR) 和精细化可能性模型 (ELM) 指导了本研究的概念框架。 设计/方法/方法 Churchill (1979) 指南将科学发展和数据收集测量尺度的验证工具化。我们使用高阶多元分析, 如结构方程模型 (SEM) 和 Hayes 过程模型来评估假设。该研究使用 Bauer et al. (2006) 的方法来评估 eWOM 通过不同消费者参与水平的目的地偏好对旅行意愿的条件间接影响。 发现 SOR 和 ELM 模型成功解释了 eWOM、消费者参与和目的地偏好在影响旅行意图方面的调节中介效应。结果拓宽了 SOR 和 ELM 在旅游营销中的适用性。结果表明, 消费者参与通过目的地偏好调节了 eWOM 对旅行意愿的直接和间接影响, 因此对于高度参与的消费者而言, eWOM 在塑造旅行意愿方面的影响更强。 理论/实践意义 本研究扩大了综合 SOR 和 ELM 模型的适用性, 以解释 eWOM 和旅行意图之间的调节中介网络。研究结果为旅游营销人员提供了新的途径, 以扩大电子口碑对促进旅游业的影响。旅游营销人员可以通过与潜在旅行者的有机信息交换, 利用客户旅程来建立目的地偏好。未来的研究人员和从业者可以根据消费者参与程度的变化建立规范和预测模型。 独创性/价值 目前的研究先驱在检验消费者参与和目的地偏好的调节中介网络在塑造旅行意图方面的交互作用。本研究以 SOR 和 ELM 模型为基础, 是提供 eWOM、目的地偏好、消费者参与和旅行意图之间的综合调节中介模型的开拓者。 关键词 – 目的地偏好、eWOM、旅行意图、消费者参与度、SOR 模型、ELM 模型 eWOM, preferencia de destino y participación del consumidor: una lente de estímulo-organismo-respuesta (SOR) Resumen Propósito el presente estudio examina el impacto de la mediación moderada de la participación del consumidor y la preferencia de destino en las intenciones de viaje. Estímulo-Organismo-Respuesta (SOR) y Modelo de probabilidad de elaboración (ELM) guiaron el marco conceptual de este estudio. Diseño/metodología/enfoque las directrices de Churchill (1979) instrumentalizan el desarrollo científico y la validación de escalas de medición para la recopilación de datos. Usamos análisis multivariados de orden superior como el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) y el modelo de proceso de Hayes para evaluar las hipótesis. El estudio utiliza el método de Bauer et al. (2006) para evaluar los efectos indirectos condicionales de eWOM sobre la intención de viaje a través de la preferencia de destino en diferentes niveles de participación del consumidor. Hallazgos los modelos SOR y ELM explicaron con éxito el efecto de mediación moderada de eWOM, la participación del consumidor y la preferencia de destino para influir en las intenciones de viaje. Los resultados amplían la aplicabilidad de SOR y ELM en el marketing turístico. Los resultados indican que la participación de los consumidores moderó la influencia directa e indirecta de eWOM en la intención de viaje a través de la preferencia de destino, de modo que la influencia de eWOM en la configuración de la intención de viaje es más fuerte para los consumidores altamente involucrados. Implicaciones teóricas/practices el presente estudio amplía la aplicabilidad de los modelos integrados de SOR y ELM para explicar la red de mediación moderada entre eWOM y las intenciones de viaje. Los resultados del estudio ofrecen nuevas vías a los comercializadores del turismo para el efecto magnificado de eWOM para promover el turismo. Los especialistas en marketing de turismo pueden utilizar el recorrido del cliente para crear preferencias de destino a través del intercambio de información orgánica con posibles viajeros. Los futuros investigadores y profesionales pueden construir modelos prescriptivos y predictivos basados en el nivel alterado de participación del consumidor. Originalidad/valor el presente estudio es pionero en examinar el efecto interactivo de la red de mediación moderada de la participación del consumidor y la preferencia de destino en la configuración de la intención de viaje. Basado en el modelo SOR y ELM, el presente estudio es un pionero en ofrecer el modelo integrado de mediación moderada entre eWOM, preferencia de destino, participación del consumidor e intención de viaje.

This study aims to fill the gap in the current influencer marketing literature by analyzing the impact of social media influencers (SMIs) credibility on the domestic travel intentions of Egyptian millennials.An online questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample of 581 Egyptian millennials to collect primary data. The results indicate that the three dimensions of a SMI’s credibility (trustworthiness, attractiveness, and expertise) have a positive impact on the domestic travel intentions of Egyptian millennials. Moreover, the findings point out that all of SMI’s credibility elements have a significant effect on domestic travel intentions except for SMI’s expertise, which is considered the credibility dimension least affecting the domestic travel intentions of Egyptian millennials.The findings of this study enrich the influencer marketing field in the context of tourism as well as help the destination management organizations (DMOs) and travel agencies select the most persuasive SMIs that can positively influence millennials' travel intentions, specifically in light of the current emphasis on integrating SMIs as one of their marketing techniques.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify the concept of perceived risks, identify the main antecedents and outcomes of health risk perceptions and propose a conceptual model of health risk perceptions in tourism. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides a review of the literature on customer risk perceptions, along with their antecedents and outcomes, and proposes a conceptual model of health risk perceptions in tourism. Findings Key findings reveal that the main factors of health risk perceptions can be broadly classified into cognitive, affective, individual and contextual components. The proposed conceptual model of health risk perceptions provides a theoretically integrated overview of relationships between all groups of factors, tourists’ risk perceptions and travel intentions. Originality/value The paper contributes to theory by offering a new approach to health risk perceptions in tourism, which remain underexplored in previous studies. The literature review adds to the body of knowledge by introducing four main groups of factors affecting tourists’ health risk perceptions, while the conceptual model proposes relationships between these factors, tourists’ risk perceptions and travel intentions. 目的 本文的目的是阐明可感知风险的概念, 确定健康风险感知的主要前提和結果, 并提出旅遊业健康风险感知的概念模型。 设计/方法/途径 本文提供了一份关于顾客风险认知的文献综述, 连同他们的前提和结果, 并提出了一个旅遊业健康风险感知的概念模型。 发现 主要发现揭示了健康风险感知的主要因素可以大致分为认知, 情感, 个体和情境成分。所提出的健康风险感知概念模型提供了一个理论上的关于各个成分之间, 游客风险感知, 和出游意向之间综合关系的概况。 创意/价值 本文通过提供一种在以前研究中未被探索的新的旅遊业健康风险感知方法, 为理论发展做出了贡献。文献综述通过介绍影响遊客健康风险感知的四个主要因素丰富了相关知识体系, 所提概念模型则建议了这些因素, 遊客风险感知以及出游意向之间的关系。 Antecedentes y resultados de las percepciones de riesgos para la salud en el turismo: Un modelo conceptual Objetivo El propósito de este artículo es clarificar el concepto de riesgos percibidos, identificar los principales antecedentes y resultados de las percepciones de riesgos para la salud, y proponer un modelo conceptual de las percepciones de riesgo para la salud en el turismo. Diseño/metodología/método Este artículo provee una revisión de la literatura sobre las percepciones de riesgo de los clientes, junto con sus antecedentes y resultados, y propone un modelo conceptual de las percepciones de riesgo para la salud en el turismo. Resultados Los resultados clave revelan que los principales factores de las percepciones de riesgos para la salud pueden clasificarse generalmente en componentes cognitivos, afectivos, individuales, y contextuales. El modelo conceptual propuesto de las percepciones de riesgos para la salud provee una perspectiva teoréticamente integrada de la relación entre todos los grupos de factores, las percepciones de riesgo de los turistas, y las intenciones de viaje. Originalidad/valor El artículo contribuye teoréticamente al ofrecer un nuevo enfoque sobre las percepciones de riesgos para la salud en el turismo, que siguen sin ser exploradas en estudios anteriores. La revisión de literatura contribuye al cuerpo de conocimiento al introducir los cuatro principales grupos de factores que afectan las percepciones de riesgo para la salud de los turistas, mientras que el modelo conceptual propone la relación entre estos factores, las percepciones de riesgo de los turistas, y las intenciones de viaje.