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The Mass Production of Memory
In 1888, the Eastman Dry Plate and Film Company offered the first portable camera that allowed users to conveniently take photos, using leisure travel as a primary marketing feature to promote it. The combination of portability, ease of use, and mass advertising fed into a national trend of popular photography that drew on Americans' increasing mobility and leisure time. The Kodak Company and the first generation of tourist photographers established new standards for personal archiving that amplified the individual's role in authoring the national narrative. But not everyone had equal access to travel and tourism, and many members of the African American, Native American, and gay and lesbian communities used the camera to counter the racism, homophobia, and classism that shaped public spaces. In this groundbreaking history, Tammy S. Gordon tells the story of the camera's emerging centrality in leisure travel across the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and its role in \"the mass production of memory,\" a process in which users crafted a visual archive attesting to their experiences, values, and circumstances, setting the stage for the customizable visual culture of the digital age.
eBook
A Cross Generational Exploration of Motivations for Traditional Ethnic Costume Photography Tourism in China
This research aims to examine the underlying motivations across generations to engage in the growing trend of Chinese people incorporating traditional Chinese ethnic clothing into their travel photography. As globalization continues to reshape cultural identities, individuals seek ways to connect with their heritage and express their cultural pride. This study delves into the factors that drive Chinese travelers to embrace traditional Chinese ethnic clothing as a means of self-expression and cultural representation. Data were collected through an online survey that was distributed to a diverse sample of Chinese travelers, capturing their perspectives on the significance of traditional Chinese ethnic clothing in travel photography. The findings indicate that there are differing motivations across generations and that a desire for cultural connectivity plays a moderating role in the relationship between different generations and their level of interest in traditional costume photo tourism. By understanding these motivations, travel agencies, photographers, and cultural organizations can better cater to the evolving needs and desires of Chinese travelers. Additionally, this study contributes to the broader discourse on cultural identity and globalization, illustrating the ways in which individuals negotiate their sense of self in an interconnected world.
Journal Article
A pós-fotografia de viagem para o desenvolvimento do turismo no novo ecossistema midiático
The media ecosystem has been significantly transformed due to the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2022. Within these transformations, an important economic segment stands out: tourism. This transformation has been triggered by the limited mobility experienced throughout the planet. Consequently, society has begun to live new “tourist” experiences in virtual environments, which motivated us to carry out this project. Its methodological proposal involved the Agile Scrum procedure, commonly adopted by engineering companies, participant observation, and bibliographic research. The result was the completion of an applied research project that involves theoretical and practical procedures and gives new meaning to travel photography in the new media ecology.
O ecossistema midiático se transformou de forma expressiva após a pandemia da covid-19, vivida entre 2020 e 2022. Dentro dessas transformações, destaca-se um importante segmento econômico: o turismo. Tal transformação foi provocada pelas limitações de mobilidade ocorridas em todo o planeta. Diante disso, a sociedade passou a viver novas experiências “turísticas” em ambientes virtuais, o que nos levou a realizar este projeto, que teve como proposta metodológica a realização do procedimento Ágil Scrum, comumente adotado pelas engenharias, além da observação participante e da pesquisa bibliográfica. O resultado foi a conclusão de uma pesquisa aplicada, que envolve procedimentos teóricos e práticos que ressignificam a fotografia de viagem na nova ecologia dos meios.
El ecosistema mediático se ha transformado significativamente a raíz de la pandemia de covid-19, vivida entre 2020 y 2022. Dentro de estas transformaciones destaca un importante segmento económico: el turismo. Esta transformación ha sido provocada por la limitada movilidad experimentada en todo el planeta. Como consecuencia, la sociedad ha comenzado a vivir nuevas experiencias “turísticas” en entornos virtuales, lo que nos llevó a realizar este proyecto, cuya propuesta metodológica fue utilizar el procedimiento Agile Scrum, comúnmente adoptado por las empresas de ingeniería, así como la observación participante y la investigación bibliográfica. El resultado fue la conclusión de un proyecto de investigación aplicada que involucra procedimientos teóricos y prácticos y da un nuevo significado a la fotografía de viaje en la nueva ecología de los medios.
Journal Article
Use of Smartphone Cameras and Other Applications While Traveling to Sustain Outdoor Cultural Heritage
Outdoor cultural heritage is exposed to several detrimental factors, so involving people in its care can greatly help in its preservation. We conducted four focus groups with participants recruited through a screening questionnaire to find ways of including travelers in a citizen science project by learning about how they interact with monuments through photography, travel apps, and location-based games, as well as their preferences regarding these apps. Since people can be apprehensive about installing new apps, we also verified the potential of games like Geocaching and Pokémon Go for cultural heritage conservation. We found that monuments appear as a photographic motif if they allow for interaction, are part of a photogenic scene or the visitor is attracted to their story. Some use travel apps to get additional information about the sights and discover hidden sites. Since cultural heritage is frequently part of the Pokémon Go and Geocaching gameplay, there is significant potential to use these apps, not only for tourism, but also for citizen science projects involving cultural heritage. While descriptive in nature, these findings provide useful insight into how to combine ubiquitous devices, smart tourism, consumer behavior, and cultural heritage protection for a more sustainable future.
Journal Article
Tourists-generated photographs in online media and tourism destination choice: The case of Shiraz metropolis in Iran
The aim of this study was to examine whether Tourist-Generated Photographs (TGP) and images shared by them, on online media channels can affect tourist destination decisions. The study conducted descriptive-survey research. The statistical population of the research included tourists who traveled to this city on 15 May 2022H15 May 2022 (Shiraz National Day). Simple random sampling was used to determine the research sample and distributed questionnaires among 415 tourists in six five-star hotels in Shiraz. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that evaluates each dimension in the majority of the questions. According to the results, four factors, including multidimensionality, tourist involvement, uniqueness, and stimulating emotions by the photo, can have a significant effect on the impact of tourist-generated photography. Findings also revealed that three factors of service quality, media influence on tourists, and destination-specific attractions have a substantial impact on tourists' destination choices. In the post-pandemic era cyberspace and its tourism function will be of great value, and pictures are the way tourists communicate with tourism and travel. Also, tourists' photos in cyberspace can help destination marketing. The research findings emphasize that the tour operators of the Shiraz metropolis can take advantage of cyberspace more and better develop their tourism industry for post-pandemic travel.
Journal Article