Explore the vast range of titles available.

This work is an \"uncommon history\" of trees. Alphabetical entries cover tree and leaf descriptions, their products, where the trees are located geographically, where they got their common names, people who described the trees or transported them and made them popular, and folklore and stories about the particular trees.

A guide to more than six hundred of the world's major garden and forest trees includes coverage of the structure and life cycle of trees, how they are used in landscape design, and tree planting and care.

Explores the cultural significance that trees have in different societies and their place in history and mythology across the world.

Mature trees scattered throughout agricultural landscapes are critical habitat for some biota and provide a range of ecosystem services. These trees are declining in intensively managed agricultural landscapes globally. We developed a simulation model to predict the rates at which these trees are declining, identified the key variables that can be manipulated to mitigate this decline, and compared alternative management proposals. We used the initial numbers of trees in the stand, the predicted ages of these trees, their rate of growth, the number of recruits established, the frequency of recruitment, and the rate of tree mortality to simulate the dynamics of scattered trees in agricultural landscapes. We applied this simulation model to case studies from Spain, United States, Australia, and Costa Rica. We predicted that mature trees would be lost from these landscapes in 90-180 years under current management. Existing management recommendations for these landscapes--which focus on increasing recruitment--would not reverse this trend. The loss of scattered mature trees was most sensitive to tree mortality, stand age, number of recruits, and frequency of recruitment. We predicted that perpetuating mature trees in agricultural landscapes at or above existing densities requires a strategy that keeps mortality among established trees below around 0.5% per year, recruits new trees at a rate that is higher than the number of existing trees, and recruits new trees at a frequency in years equivalent to around 15% of the maximum life expectancy of trees. Numbers of mature trees in landscapes represented by the case studies will decline before they increase, even if strategies of this type are implemented immediately. This decline will be greater if a management response is delayed. /// Los árboles dispersos en paisajes agrícolas son hábitat critico para la biota y proporcionan una variedad de servicios ecológicos. Estos árboles están declinando globalmente en paisajes agrícolas manejados intensivamente. Desarrollamos un modelo de simulación para predecir las tasas a las que están declinando estos árboles, identificamos las principales variables que pueden ser manipuladas para mitigar esta declinación y comparamos propuestas de manejo alternativas. Utilizamos el número inicial de árboles en el sitio, las edades de estos árboles, su tasa de crecimiento, el número de individuos reclutados, la frecuencia de reclutamiento y la tasa de mortalidad de árboles para simular la dinámica de árboles dispersos en paisajes agrícolas. Aplicamos este modelo a estudios de caso de España, Estados Unidos, Australia y Costa Rica. Pronosticamos que los árboles maduros se perderán de estos paisajes entre 90 y 180 años bajos las condiciones de manejo actuales; las recomendaciones de manejo existentes - enfocadas en el incremento del reclutamiento - no cambiarían esta tendencia. Mediante la simulación de escenarios representando observaciones que abarcan todos los estudios de caso y una gama de opciones de manejo pudimos hacer recomendaciones genéricas sobre el manejo de árboles dispersos en paisajes agrícolas. La pérdida de árboles maduros dispersos fue más sensible a la mortalidad de árboles, edad del sitio, número de reclutas y frecuencia de reclutamiento. Predecimos que la perpetuación de árboles maduros en paisajes agrícolas en o por encima de las densidades existentes requiere de una estrategia que mantenga la mortalidad de árboles establecidos por debajo de 0.5% por año, que reclute árboles a una tasa mayor que el número de árboles existentes y reclute árboles nuevos en una frecuencia en años equivalente a alrededor de 15% de la esperanza de vida máxima de los árboles. Sin embargo, el número de árboles maduros en los paisajes representados por los estudios de caso declinará antes de incrementar, aun si estrategias de este tipo son implementadas inmediatamente. Esta declinación será mayor si se posterga una respuesta de manejo.

Ninety-one of the world's great tree species in glorious color; describes botany and origin, location, size, characteristics, potential age, climate and history.

Separating continuously measured stem radius (SR) fluctuations into growth-induced irreversible stem expansion (GRO) and tree water deficit-induced reversible stem shrinkage (TWD) requires a conceptualization of potential growth processes that may occur during periods of shrinking and expanding SR below a precedent maximum. Here, we investigated two physiological concepts: the linear growth (LG) concept, assuming linear growth, versus the zero growth (ZG) concept, assuming no growth during periods of stem shrinkage. We evaluated the physiological mechanisms underlying these two concepts and assessed their respective plausibilities using SR data obtained from 15 deciduous and evergreen trees. The application of the LG concept produced steady growth rates, whereas growth rates varied strongly under the ZG concept, more in accordance with mechanistic expectations. Further, growth increased for a maximum of 120 min after periods of stem shrinkage, indicating limited growth activity during those periods. However, this extra growth was found to be a small fraction of total growth only. Furthermore, TWD under the ZG concept was better explained by a hydraulic plant model than TWD under the LG concept. We conclude that periods of stem shrinkage allow for very little growth in the four tree species investigated. However, further studies should focus on obtaining independent growth data to ultimately validate these findings.

Examines \"how an acorn grows up to be an oak tree, [including] the stages of growth of a tree throughout the seasons and year ... Also introduces the happenings around the tree, from children playing in its shade to squirrels climbing up its trunk and birds nesting in its branches\"--Amazon.com.

As the climate changes, warmer spring temperatures are causing earlier leaf-out 1 – 3 and commencement of CO 2 uptake 1 , 3 in temperate deciduous forests, resulting in a tendency towards increased growing season length 3 and annual CO 2 uptake 1 , 3 – 7 . However, less is known about how spring temperatures affect tree stem growth 8 , 9 , which sequesters carbon in wood that has a long residence time in the ecosystem 10 , 11 . Here we show that warmer spring temperatures shifted stem diameter growth of deciduous trees earlier but had no consistent effect on peak growing season length, maximum growth rates, or annual growth, using dendrometer band measurements from 440 trees across two forests. The latter finding was confirmed on the centennial scale by 207 tree-ring chronologies from 108 forests across eastern North America, where annual ring width was far more sensitive to temperatures during the peak growing season than in the spring. These findings imply that any extra CO 2 uptake in years with warmer spring temperatures 4 , 5 does not significantly contribute to increased sequestration in long-lived woody stem biomass. Rather, contradicting projections from global carbon cycle models 1 , 12 , our empirical results imply that warming spring temperatures are unlikely to increase woody productivity enough to strengthen the long-term CO 2 sink of temperate deciduous forests. Warmer spring temperatures affect the timing of stem diameter growth of temperate deciduous trees but have little effect on annual growth.