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"Tribes Oman"
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Honour Is in Contentment
Based on interviews and field research,the authors explore the sets of ideas Arab tribespeople from Ras Al-Khaimah had about tribe and community; social and economic networks, and jural contracts for livelihoods and profits; their uses of their environments; the moral relations of credit, debt and labour; ruling; economic and political transformations; and ideas of regional history where conflicts were regarded as disputes over sets of ideas, and informal accounts of tribal and local histories.Published sources give a wider context to these ideas and events which show the great complexity and differing perspectives of 'life before oil' in the Gulf.William O. Lancaster and Fidelity C. Lancaster, Aberdeen University, Scotland, UK.
eBook
The countries and tribes of the Persian Gulf
The Countries and Tribes of the Persian Gulf is a collection of the notes of S.B. Miles, longtime British official in the Persian Gulf generally and Oman in particular. They were compiled and published posthumously, first in 1919, and reprinted several times later. This account of Oman's political history is still widely consulted and quoted. Miles covers pre-Islamic history, pointing out that from the very earliest times the inhabitants were masters of maritime commerce. Trade included slaves, spices, gold, precious stones, and textiles from Asia and Africa. Miles consults as well as critiques al-Izkiwi's Kashf al-ghummah (Removing consternation) for the post-Biblical, pre-Islamic story of Oman. The second chapter deals with Islamic Oman and the eastern Arabian Peninsula. He departs from strict narrative based on Kashf al-ghummah and other Arab sources to note that the Prophet Muhammad \"is entitled to applause, veneration and gratitude of the world\" as a great lawgiver. In the author's view the task of converting Oman's Christian inhabitants to Islam was simplified because Christianity was \"weighed down and encumbered by the character and example of some of its churchmen.\" Miles then covers Persian Gulf trade and politics from the 16th century, as European powers Portugal, Holland, and Britain entered the region, and there is a chapter on the history of Oman's place in the East-West trading patterns from earliest times. He then turns to the Yaruba dynasty, which ruled Oman for about 125 years from 1624. He devotes the second volume to the Bu Saʻid family, which took control of Oman in the 1740s and remains in power. There are also notes on the geologic regions and natural history of Oman. The work ends with descriptions of the Dhofar and Beraimi (present-day Buraimi) areas of the southeastern Arabian Peninsula. Miles was first appointed political agent in Oman by the government of India in the early 1870s and remained in Musqat (also seen as Masqat and Muscat) and other posts in the region until his retirement 20 years later. Countries and Tribes of the Persian Gulf is the fruit of his many travels and observations in the Gulf and his interest in its history and ethnology. World Digital Library.
Rare Book
Military Intelligence, Tribes, and Britain's War in Dhofar, 1970-1976
This article examines the hitherto overlooked role of military intelligence in the Dhofar campaign of 1970-1976. Drawing on an array of new sources, it not only details the functional role of military intelligence in the campaign, but also makes a distinction between \"attitudinal\"
and \"behavioral\" support in understanding the \"human terrain,\" and thereby how military intelligence helped secure acceptance of the regime of Sultan Qaboos bin Sa'id among the tribes of Dhofar.
Journal Article
Change and Conflict in Contemporary Omani Society: The Case of Kafa'a in Marriage
This article explores the conflict between Omani traditional culture
1
and modern change by examining the practice of kafa'a
2
in present-day Oman. kafa'a-which refers to the notion that the husband's family should be equal or superior in terms of social, religious or economic background to the wife's family if the marriage is to be accepted-exemplifies a type of social and legal inequality that is at odds with State rhetoric on equality but congruent with the type of hierarchical social structure traditionally valued by Omanis, which tolerates a high degree of inequality between individuals and groups. I argue that the recognition of kafa'a as a condition of marriage in Article 20 of the Omani Personal Status Law serves to, in effect, reinforce traditional tribal and religious cultural practices in Oman.
1
Bearing in mind the complexity of defining culture, it is defined in this article as what people in Oman think, value, believe and hold as ideas. Thus, culture in contemporary Omani society includes values that are derived from the long-established tribal and Ibadi religious institutions, social structural systems of life and behaviour.
2
In Arabic, kafa'a literally means 'equality'. In Islamic legal terminology, kafa'a in marriage refers to the equivalence of the man and the woman, as defined by certain criteria. Specifically, an aspiring husband should be equal or superior to the proposed wife in terms of socio-economic status in order to be accepted as a suitable husband in marriage. In practice, therefore, kafa'a actually perpetuates and indeed promotes inequality between people because it legitimates discrimination against people judged to have lower socio-economic status. Further information on kafa'a in marriage and its legal and historical development in Islamic tradition can be viewed in Amalia Zomeno, 'Kafa'a in the Maliki School: A Fatwa from Fifteenth Century Fez', in R. Gleave and E. Kermeli (eds), Islamic Law: Theory and Practice (New York: IB Tauris, 1997), pp. 87-105; and Farhat J. Ziadeh, 'Equality (Kafa'a) in Muslim Law of Marriage', The American Journal of Comparative Law, 6(4) (1957), pp. 503-511.
Journal Article
Kinship, state formation and governance in the Arab Gulf States
Tribe-state relations are a foundational element of authoritarian bargains in the Middle East - particularly in the Gulf States. However, the structures of governance built upon that foundation exhibit wide differences. What explains this variation in the salience of kinship authority? Through a case comparison of Kuwait, Oman and Qatar, Scott Weiner shows that variation in tribal access to limited resources before state building can account for these differences. Based on empirical data and over 50 interviews with former government officials, tribal leaders, civil society activists andstudents, the book reveals important new details about state formation on the Arabian Peninsula.
Book
J. R. L. CARTER. TRIBES IN OMAN
FROM 1966 UNTIL 1973, J. R. L. CARTER WAS AN ARABIC-SPEAKING LOCAL RELATIONS REPRESENTATIVE FOR A MAJOR OIL COMPANY IN OMAN. FROM A VARIETY OF FIELD LOCATIONS--UNFORTUNATELY UNSPECIFIED IN THE TEXT--HE MANAGED RELATIONS WITH TRIBAL GORUPS, PREDOMINANTLY BEDOUIN, IN AREAS OF COMPANY OPERATIONS, AND REPORTED UPON SIGNIFICANT LOCAL DEVELOPMENTS. AFTER THE 1970 COUP THE EXPANDED ROLE OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT MADE LOCAL RELATIONS SPECIALISTS AN ENDANGERED SPECIES. TRIBES COMMITS TO PRINT AT LEAST SOME ASPECTS OF AN HISTORICALLY IRREPLACEABLE EXPERIENCE.
Journal Article
The Emergence of States in a Tribal Society: Oman under Said bin Taymur, 1932-1970
Rabi's historically detailed survey of the nature and evolution of Omani society and politics (especially the role of the tribes) under the rule of Said bin Taymur contributes valuable information to the historical record and provides a thought-provoking reinterpretation of a noteworthy period in the modern history of the Arabian peninsula and pre-oil societies.
Journal Article