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Taking into account the critical approaches that characterize movement and dance studies as well as an exhaustive reading of the evidence, this paper examines various aspects of the Salian ceremony and its relation to the complex concept of 'Romanness'. For the past century, scholars have questioned the functions and contexts of these rites, but the importance of choreography as a channel for religious participation has been largely overlooked, especially in what concerns to the relationship between performance, territory and visibility. For this phenomenological approach to the rite, I will consider a series of somatic and kinesthetic processes that explain the spectators' involvement in the dance. We will also emphasize the potential of this choreography to reflect and (re)create the identity of the Roman elite in the construction of the citizen body.

The U.S. wastes 31 to 40% of its post-harvest food supply, with a substantial portion of this waste occurring at the consumer level. Globally, interventions to address wasted food have proliferated, but efforts are in their infancy in the U.S. To inform these efforts and provide baseline data to track change, we performed a survey of U.S. consumer awareness, attitudes and behaviors related to wasted food. The survey was administered online to members of a nationally representative panel (N=1010), and post-survey weights were applied. The survey found widespread (self-reported) awareness of wasted food as an issue, efforts to reduce it, and knowledge about how to do so, plus moderately frequent performance of waste-reducing behaviors. Three-quarters of respondents said they discard less food than the average American. The leading motivations for waste reduction were saving money and setting an example for children, with environmental concerns ranked last. The most common reasons given for discarding food were concern about foodborne illness and a desire to eat only the freshest food. In some cases there were modest differences based on age, parental status, and income, but no differences were found by race, education, rural/urban residence or other demographic factors. Respondents recommended ways retailers and restaurants could help reduce waste. This is the first nationally representative consumer survey focused on wasted food in the U.S. It provides insight into U.S. consumers' perceptions related to wasted food, and comparisons to existing literature. The findings suggest approaches including recognizing that many consumers perceive themselves as being already-knowledgeable and engaged, framing messages to focus on budgets, and modifying existing messages about food freshness and aesthetics. This research also suggests opportunities to shift retail and restaurant practice, and identifies critical research gaps.

School attendance and school completion are important benchmarks of successful development. Unfortunately, school absenteeism and school dropout remain debilitating and prevalent conditions among youth. Stakeholders invested in promoting school attendance and reducing school absenteeism generally agree that multifaceted ecological frameworks are needed to account for these heterogeneous problems as well as differences across local education agencies and broader jurisdictions. A multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS) framework emphasizes many aspects that match well with school attendance and its problems, including prevention and a continuum of supports, screening, evidence-based assessment and intervention, problem-solving and data-based decision-making, implementation fidelity, and natural embedding into extant school improvement plans. This article outlines a multidimensional MTSS model for school attendance and absenteeism to account for recent developments regarding service delivery within schools. Such developments include integrated models of multi-tiered service delivery to concurrently address multiple domains of functioning, the development of more nuanced approaches for students with various challenges, and consideration of three-dimensional (pyramidal) perspectives to allow simultaneous and yet nuanced strategies for several domain clusters. Sample domain clusters common to the literature that could populate the multiple dimensions or sides of a MTSS pyramid model for school attendance and absenteeism are presented. These domain clusters include (1) school refusal/truancy/school withdrawal/school exclusion, (2) functional profiles and analysis, (3) preschool/elementary/middle/high school, (4) ecological levels of impact on school attendance and its problems, and (5) low/moderate/high absenteeism severity. Recommendations are made as well regarding broader MTSS integration and implementation science vis-à-vis school attendance and its problems.

Between 50% and 75% of juveniles in conflict with the law have at least one psychiatric disorder. Commonly observed disorders include conduct disorder, substance use disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and anxiety. These conditions—often characterized by impulsivity and difficulties in emotional regulation—reinforce tendencies toward criminal behavior Antisocial personality traits typically emerge in childhood through impulsivity and oppositional behaviors. ADHD and emotional dysregulation may initially manifest as oppositional defiant disorder and later develop into conduct disorder, with approximately 40–60% of conduct disorder cases progressing to antisocial personality disorders. In early adulthood, prosocial roles such as marriage, employment, military service, and parenthood, alongside cognitive maturation and social support, facilitate desistance from crime. Preventive strategies include early interventions such as the Triple P (Positive Parenting Program) and the Incredible Years, high-quality early childhood education, executive function training, and home-visitation services. School-based initiatives to prevent peer bullying, implement mentorship programs, community-based support networks, and rehabilitation-oriented reforms in the juvenile justice system are also critical. These approaches aim to prevent the long-term adverse trajectories of juveniles in conflict with the law through multidimensional interventions tailored to individual needs at the family, school, peer, and community levels. This review aims to present research findings on the prevalence of mental disorders among juveniles in conflict with the law, the development of antisocial personality traits, related theories, and lifelong trajectories, with the goal of proposing methods that can be implemented to prevent involvement in crime.

Studies consistently show associations between school absences and academic achievement. However, questions remain about whether this link depends on the reason for children’s absence. Using a sample of the Scottish Longitudinal Study (n = 4,419), we investigated whether the association between school absenteeism and achievement in high-stakes exams at the end of compulsory and postcompulsory schooling varies with the reason for absence. In line with previous research, our findings show that overall absences are negatively associated with academic achievement at both school stages. Likewise, all forms of absences (truancy, sickness absence, exceptional domestic circumstances, and family holidays) are negatively associated with achievement at the end of compulsory and postcompulsory schooling. First difference regressions confirm these negative associations, except for family holidays. These findings suggest that, in addition to lost instruction, other mechanisms such as behavioral, health-related, and psychosocial pathways may account for the association between absenteeism and achievement. The findings have implications for designing tailored absenteeism interventions to improve pupils’ academic achievement.

We estimate models of consumer food waste awareness and attitudes using responses from a national survey of U.S. residents. Our models are interpreted through the lens of several theories that describe how pro-social behaviors relate to awareness, attitudes and opinions. Our analysis of patterns among respondents' food waste attitudes yields a model with three principal components: one that represents perceived practical benefits households may lose if food waste were reduced, one that represents the guilt associated with food waste, and one that represents whether households feel they could be doing more to reduce food waste. We find our respondents express significant agreement that some perceived practical benefits are ascribed to throwing away uneaten food, e.g., nearly 70% of respondents agree that throwing away food after the package date has passed reduces the odds of foodborne illness, while nearly 60% agree that some food waste is necessary to ensure meals taste fresh. We identify that these attitudinal responses significantly load onto a single principal component that may represent a key attitudinal construct useful for policy guidance. Further, multivariate regression analysis reveals a significant positive association between the strength of this component and household income, suggesting that higher income households most strongly agree with statements that link throwing away uneaten food to perceived private benefits.

Emotional difficulties are associated with both authorized and unauthorized school absence, but there has been little longitudinal research and the temporal nature of these associations remains unclear. This study presents three-wave random-intercepts panel models of longitudinal reciprocal relationships between teacher-reported emotional difficulties and authorized and unauthorized school absence in 2,542 English children aged 6 to 9 years old at baseline, who were followed-up annually. Minor differences in the stability effects were observed between genders but only for the authorized absence model. Across all time points, children with greater emotional difficulties had more absences, and vice versa (authorized: ρ = .23–.29, p < .01; unauthorized: ρ = .28, p < .01). At the within-person level, concurrent associations showed that emotional difficulties were associated with greater authorized ( β = .15–.17, p < .01) absence at Time 3 only, but with less unauthorized ( β = −.08–.13, p < .05) absence at Times 1 and 2. In cross-lagged pathways, neither authorized nor unauthorized absence predicted later emotional difficulties, and emotional difficulties did not predict later authorized absence at any time point. However, greater emotional difficulties were associated with fewer unauthorized absences across time ( β = −13–.22, p < .001). The implications of these findings are discussed.

Studies investigating the association between school climate and school truancy have primarily been conducted in Western countries, and less is known about the underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the mediating effect of bullying victimization in the relationship between school climate and school truancy and the moderating effect of resilience in the relationship between bullying victimization and school truancy. Data are obtained from 11,666 Chinese adolescents in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). The results illustrate that a more positive school climate is related to a lower level of school truancy. Moreover, a more positive school climate is related to a lower level of bullying victimization, thereby resulting in a lower level of school truancy. Furthermore, resilience moderates the relationship between bullying victimization and school truancy, with more substantial effects for adolescents with lower resilience. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.

For most of the time he trapped, recorded a large volume of data, and examined blood samples from striped skunks, rabies levels within the skunk populations he examined were quite low. J. offered a workshop entitled ''Preparation of Tables and Figures.'' Concerned with the hunger many people in the Corvallis community experienced, he provided Community Outreach (which provides assistance for people in need) with large quantities of groceries during the winter so that fewer people would go hungry during the cold weather.

In this study, the associations between peer effects and academic functioning in middle adolescence (N = 342; 14-15 years old; 48% male) were investigated longitudinally. Similarity in achievement (grade point averages) and unexplained absences (truancy) was explained by both peer selection and peer influence, net of acceptance, and connectedness. Friendships were formed and maintained when adolescents had low levels of achievement or high levels of truancy. Friends influenced one another to increase rather than decrease in achievement and truancy. Moreover, friends' popularity moderated peer influences in truancy in reciprocal friendships but not in unilateral friendships, whereas friends' acceptance moderated peer influences in achievement in both unilateral and reciprocal friendships. The findings illustrate the dynamic interplay between peer effects and academic functioning.