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"Tulips Varieties."
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Introduction of perspective varieties of tulips in Mangystau for wide implementation of green construction in practice
The article describes the results of tulip variety introduction study in the collection of the Mangyshlaksky Experimental Botanical Garden (MEBG). They also presented the development of a comprehensive scale to diagnose the prospects of tulip varieties under the arid conditions of Mangystau. The aim of our study is to identify the promising varieties of tulips and replicate the most decorative of them for landscape design and green building of cities and settlements in Mangystau. Tulips are almost never used in the gardening of Mangystau region settlements and cities. Many Dutch tulip varieties, introduced into other climatic conditions, do not fully demonstrate their decorative qualities. The conduct of studies on the assessment of varieties makes it possible to identify the most promising varieties that display their biological and decorative properties as much as possible under the new conditions of introduction. To determine the promising qualities of Tulipa hybrida hort. varieties they selected the scales most common in phytointroduction practice by V.N. Bylov, E.L. Tyshchenko and Yu.V. Timkina's method and a new regional evaluation scale of their prospects was developed on the basis of their approbation with regard of the variety belonging to a particular group. At present, 152 varieties of tulips from 13 garden classes grow in MEBG collection of flower and ornamental plants. This paper presents the results of two-year observations of tulip varieties. Introduced tulips grow successfully in arid conditions of Mangyshlak under favorable terms, show a high decorative effect and the prospects for introduction into gardening. Structurally developed regional scale for tulip varieties includes 11 diagnostic signs divided into three sections: biological stability; decorative and habitual properties; reproductive ability. 4 \"medium\", 24 \"raised\", 17 \"highly promising\" and 5 \"very promising\" tulip varieties were revealed after comprehensive assessment, which allow you to create decorative floral compositions of various types in the conditions of Mangystau arid zone.
Journal Article
Biological effects of gamma-ray radiation on tulip ( Tulipa gesneriana L.)
Tulip, being an important ornamental plant, generally requires lengthy and laborious procedures to develop new varieties using traditional breeding methods requires. But ionizing radiation potentially accelerates the breeding process of ornamental plant species. The biological effects of γ-ray irradiation on tulip, therefore, were investigated through establishing an irradiation-mediated mutation breeding protocol to accelerate its breeding process. ISSR-PCR molecular marker technique was further used to identify the mutants of phenotypic variation plants. This study showed that low irradiation doses (5 Gy) stimulated bulb germination to improve the survival rate of tulip, while high irradiation doses (20 to 100 Gy) significantly ( P < 0.05) inhibited its seed germination and growth, and decreased the flowering rate, petal number, flower stem length and flower diameter. More than 40 Gy significantly ( P < 0.05) decreased the total chlorophyll content and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in tulips. Interestingly, three types of both stigma variations and flower pattern variations, and four types of flower colour variations were observed. With increasing the irradiation dose from 5 to 100 Gy, the anthocyanin and flavonoid contents continuously decreased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis evidenced that high irradiation doses altered the micromorphology of leaf stomata. Microscopic observations of tulip root apical mitosis further showed the abnormal chromosomal division behaviour occurring at different mitotic phases under irradiation treatment (80 Gy). Increasing the irradiation dose from 20 to 100 Gy enhanced the micronucleus rate. Moreover, the suspected genetic variation in tulips was evaluated by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis, and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 68%. Finally, this study concludes that that 80 Gy may be an appropriate radiation does to better enhance the efficiency of mutagenic breeds in tulip plants. Using γ-ray irradiation, therefore, is expected to offer a theoretical basis for mutation breeding in tulips.
Journal Article
Effects of methyl jasmonate on anthocyanin accumulation, ethylene production, and CO2 evolution in uncooled and cooled tulip bulbs
Effects of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) on anthocyanin accumulation, ethylene production, and CO2 evolution in uncooled and cooled tulips (Tulipa gesneriana L. cvs. Apeldoorn and Gudoshnik) were studied. JA-Me stimulated anthocyanin accumulation in stems and leaves from uncooled and cooled bulbs of both cultivars. The highest level of anthocyanin accumulation was observed in leaves from cooled bulbs treated with 200 microL/liter JA-Me. In sprouting bulbs treated with 100 microL/liter and higher concentrations of JA-Me, the ethylene production began to increase at 3 days after treatment, being extremely greater in uncooled bulbs than in cooled ones. JA-Me also stimulated CO2 evolution in both cultivars, depending on its concentrations. CO2 evolution in sprouting bulbs was not affected by cooling treatment. These results suggest that anthocyanin accumulation by JA-Me in tulip leaves is not related to ethylene production stimulated by JA-Me
Journal Article
Gum formation by methyl jasmonate in tulip shoots is stimulated by ethylene
The promotive effect of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) on the induction of gum in tulip shoots (Tulipa gesneriana L. cvs. Gudoshnik and Apeldoorn) was studied in the presence of ethylene. Gum formation in the stem and the basal part of the leaves was induced by JA-Me (1% w/w in lanolin) and stimulated strongly by the simultaneous application of 1 or 5 mM 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). JA-Me at a concentration of 0.1% did not induce gum, but that together with ACC at a concentration of 1 or 5 mM induced it substantially. Although JA-Me stimulated ethylene production substantially in the stem of intact tulips, ethephon (1% w/w) or ACC (1 or 5 mM) did not induce gum formation in tulip shoots. JA-Me induced gum formation in tulip shoots even in the presence of aminooxyacetic acid or cobalt ions. Moreover, gum formation was also observed in the cut shoot applied with JA-Me as a solution at concentrations of 0.23 mM or more. These results strongly suggest that JA-Me is required for gum formation in tulip shoots, and ethylene probably makes the tissues of shoots sensitive to JA-Me
Journal Article
