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"Turkey Social conditions 19th century."
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Orphans and Destitute Children in the Late Ottoman Empire
History books often weave tales of rising and falling empires, royal dynasties, and wars among powerful nations. Here, Maksudyan succeeds in making those who are farthest removed from power the lead actors in this history. Focusing on orphans and destitute youth of the late Ottoman Empire, the author gives voice to those children who have long been neglected. Their experiences and perspectives shed new light on many significant developments of the late Ottoman period, providing an alternative narrative that recognizes children as historical agents.
Maksudyan takes the reader from the intimate world of infant foundlings to the larger international context of missionary orphanages, all while focusing on Ottoman modernization, urbanization, citizenship, and the maintenance of order and security. Drawing upon archival records, she explores the ways in which the treatment of orphans intersected with welfare, labor, and state building in the Empire. Throughout the book, Maksudyan does not lose sight of her lead actors, and the influence of the children is always present if we simply listen and notice carefully as Maksudyan so convincingly argues.
eBook
An exiled generation : German and Hungarian refugees of revolution, 1848-1871
\"Focusing on émigrés from Baden, Wurttemberg and Hungary in four host societies (Switzerland, the Ottoman Empire, England and the United States), Heléna Tóth considers exile in the aftermath of the revolutions of 1848-1849 as a European phenomenon with global dimensions. While exile is often presented as an individual challenge, Tóth studies its collective aspects in the realms of the family and of professional and social networks. Exploring the interconnectedness of these areas, she argues that although we often like to sharply distinguish between labor migration and exile, these categories were anything but stable after the revolutions of 1848-1849; migration belonged to the personal narrative of the revolution for a broad section of the population. Moreover, discussions about exile and amnesty played a central role in formulating the legacy of the revolutions not only for the émigrés but also for their social environment and, ultimately, the governments of the restoration. As a composite, the stories of émigrés shaped the post-revolutionary era and reflected its contradictions\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915
Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915, offers new perspectives on the political conflicts and violent events that shaped the history of the region.
eBook
The last Ottoman wars : the human cost, 1877-1923
\"Jeremy Salt's manuscript \"The last Ottoman wars\" is a unique, timely, and humane study of warfare and its many costs in a region that has been fought over and upon for centuries. The Ottoman Empire and its surrounding territories, which in this work covers the Balkans to eastern Anatolia and the Caucasus, was during the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth a place of political unrest and constant military action. Historians have since chronicled and contested questions of how, what, where, when, and why battlefield or diplomatic strategies failed or succeeded as they did in Ottoman-European conflicts. So too have historians questioned how and to what degree the actions of generals and statesmen, as well as financiers, resulted in ruin for millions of Ottoman peoples, specifically Armenians and other Ottoman Christians. Overlooked, according to Salt, have been millions of Ottoman Muslims, who during the time period in question were massacred and displaced before the advance and against the retreat of invading armies. This manuscript is, as Salt writes, an attempt \"to bring these invisible victims of war back into the picture.\" \"The Last Ottoman Wars\" offers readers a glimpse into the daily lives of Ottoman Muslims, and indeed all ordinary Ottoman citizens. Instead of following the nations and individuals desperate to get what spoils they could from an empire in decline, Salt centers his focus on those left to live with what remained after nearly all had been taken. These people, at the edge of modernity, lived with malnutrition, disease, internecine violence, and crumbling infrastructures a generation before World War I and immediately after its devastation\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Intimate outsiders : the harem in Ottoman and Orientalist art and travel literature
Until now, the notion of a cross-cultural dialogue has not figured in the analysis of harem paintings, largely because the Western fantasy of the harem has been seen as the archetype for Western appropriation of the Orient. In Intimate Outsiders, the art historian Mary Roberts brings to light a body of harem imagery that was created through a dynamic process of cultural exchange. Roberts focuses on images produced by nineteenth-century European artists and writers who were granted access to harems in the urban centers of Istanbul and Cairo. As invited guests, these Europeans were \"intimate outsiders\" within the women's quarters of elite Ottoman households. At the same time, elite Ottoman women were offered intimate access to European culture through their contact with these foreign travelers.
Roberts draws on a range of sources, including paintings, photographs, and travelogues discovered in archives in Britain, Turkey, Egypt, and Denmark. She rethinks the influential harem works of the realist painter John Frederick Lewis, a British artist living in Cairo during the 1840s, whose works were granted an authoritative status by his British public despite the actual limits of his insider knowledge. Unlike Lewis, British women were able to visit Ottoman harems, and from the mid-nineteenth century on they did so in droves. Writing about their experiences in published travelogues, they undermined the idea that harems were the subject only of male fantasies. The elite Ottoman women who orchestrated these visits often challenged their guests' misapprehensions about harem life, and a number of them exercised power as patrons, commissioning portraits from European artists. Their roles as art patrons defy the Western idea of the harem woman as passive odalisque.
eBook
The emergence of public opinion : state and society in the late Ottoman empire
Nineteenth-century Ottoman politics was filled with casual references to public opinion. Having been popularised as a term in the 1860s, the following decades witnessed a deluge of issues being brought into 'the tribune of public opinion'. Murat R. Siviloglu explains how this concept emerged, and how such an abstract phenomenon embedded itself so deeply into the political discourse that even sultans had to consider its power. Through looking at the bureaucratic and educational institutions of the time, this book offers an analysis of the society and culture of the Ottomans, as well as providing an interesting application of theoretical ideas concerning common political identity and public opinion. The result is a more balanced and nuanced understanding of public opinion as a whole.
Book
Facts and Fantasies
The question of women and their rights was a prominent and ongoing topic of debate in the popular press of Turkey in the 1920s. This work presents an insightful analysis of those debates and follows its traces in obscene literature of the period, as a marginal, but influential branch of popular literature. Popular literature of the time carefully scrutinizes urban Istanbul women in particular, from their biological responsibilities to their behavior in the public arena, down to their clothe.
eBook
Nomads, Migrants and Cotton in the Eastern Mediterranean
Drawing on a variety of both narrative and archival sources, this study deals with the region of Adana and its new port-city Mersin as part of the transformation of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. The book analyzes the socio-economic side of the region's emergence through cotton production and trade with its nomadic and migrant populaces.
eBook