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Building Modern Turkey
Building Modern Turkeyoffers a critical account of how the built environment mediated Turkey's transition from a pluralistic (multiethnic and multireligious) empire into a modern, homogenized nation-state following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I. Zeynep Kezer argues that the deliberate dismantling of ethnic and religious enclaves and the spatial practices that ensued were as integral to conjuring up a sense of national unity and facilitating the operations of a modern nation-state as were the creation of a new capital, Ankara, and other sites and services that embodied a new modern way of life. The book breaks new ground by examining both the creative and destructive forces at play in the making of modern Turkey and by addressing the overwhelming frictions during this profound transformation and their long-term consequences. By considering spatial transformations at different scales-from the experience of the individual self in space to that of international geopolitical disputes-Kezer also illuminates the concrete and performative dimensions of fortifying a political ideology, one that instills in the population a sense of membership in and allegiance to the nation above all competing loyalties and ensures its longevity.
eBook
How happy to call oneself a Turk : provincial newspapers and the negotiation of a Muslim national identity
The modern nation-state of Turkey was established in 1923, but when and how did its citizens begin to identify themselves as Turks? Mustafa Kemal Atatrk, Turkeys founding president, is almost universally credited with creating a Turkish national identity through his revolutionary program to secularize the former heartland of the Ottoman Empire. Yet, despite Turkeys status as the lone secular state in the Muslim Middle East, religion remains a powerful force in Turkish society, and the country today is governed by a democratically elected political party with a distinctly religious (Islamist) orientation. In this history, Gavin D. Brockett takes a fresh look at the formation of Turkish national identity, focusing on the relationship between Islam and nationalism and the process through which a religious national identity emerged. Challenging the orthodoxy that Atatrk and the political elite imposed a sense of national identity from the top down, Brockett examines the social and political debates in provincial newspapers from around the country. He shows that the unprecedented expansion of print media in Turkey between 1945 and 1954, which followed the end of strict, single-party authoritarian government, created a forum in which ordinary people could inject popular religious identities into the new Turkish nationalism. Brockett makes a convincing case that it was this fruitful negotiation between secular nationalism and Islamrather than the imposition of secularism alonethat created the modern Turkish national identity.
eBook
Opposition and Legitimacy in the Ottoman Empire
This book looks at opposition to the Ottoman government in the second half of the nineteenth century, examining a number of key political conspiracies and how these relate to an existing political culture. In his detailed analysis of these conspiracies, the author offers a new perspective on an important and well researched period of Ottoman history.
A close reading of police records on five conspiracies offers the opportunity to analyse this opposition in great detail, giving special attention to the different groups of political actors in these conspiracies that often did not come from the established political elites. Florian Riedler investigates how their background of class and education, but also their individual life experiences influenced their aims and strategies, their political styles as well as their ways of thinking on political legitimacy. In contrast, the reaction of the authorities to these conspiracies reveals the official understanding of Ottoman legitimacy.
The picture that emerges of the political culture of opposition during the second half of the nineteenth century offers a unique contribution to our understanding of the great changes in the political system of the Ottoman Empire at the time. As such, it will be of great interest to scholars of Middle Eastern history, political history, and the Ottoman Empire.
Florian Riedler is a historian specialising in Ottoman history of the nineteenth century. His current research interests are social and urban history of the Eastern Mediterranean, particularly Istanbul, as well as the history of migration in the Ottoman Empire.
1. Introduction: Political Culture of Conspiracy 2. A Sheikh and an Officer: The Society of Martyrs and the Kuleli Incident 3. New and Old Forms of Opposition: The Young Ottomans and the Vocation Group 4. How To Exchange Sultans: The Successful Coup Against Abdülaziz 5. War and Refugees: Ali Suavi and the Çırağan Incident 6. Bourgeois Conspirators: The Skalieri-Aziz Committee 7. Conclusion: The Tanzimat and Beyond
eBook
Portraits of Empires
In the late 16th century, hundreds of travelers made
their way to the Habsburg ambassador's residence, known as the
German House, in Constantinople. In this centrally located inn,
subjects of the emperor found food, wine, shelter, and good
company-and left an incredible collection of albums filled with
images, messages, decorated papers, and more.
Portraits of Empires offers a complete account of this
early form of social media, which had a profound impact on later
European iconography. Revealing a vibrant transimperial culture as
viewed from all walks of life-Muslim and Christian, noble and
servant, scholar and stable boy-the pocket-sized albums containing
these curiosities have never been fully connected to the abundant
archival records on the German House and its residents. Robyn Dora
Radway not only introduces these objects, the people who filled
their pages, and the house at the center of their creation, but she
also presents several arguments regarding chronologies of exchange,
workshop practices, the curation of social networks and visual
collections based on status, and the purposes of these highly
individualized material portraits.
Featuring 162 fascinating color images, Portraits of
Empires reconstructs the world of Habsburg subjects living in
Ottoman Constantinople using a rich and distinctive set of objects
to raise questions about imperial belonging and the artistic
practices used to articulate it.
eBook
The Climate of Rebellion in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire
The Climate of Rebellion in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire explores the serious and far-reaching impacts of Little Ice Age climate fluctuations in Ottoman lands. This study demonstrates how imperial systems of provisioning and settlement that defined Ottoman power in the 1500s came unraveled in the face of ecological pressures and extreme cold and drought, leading to the outbreak of the destructive Celali Rebellion (1595–1610). This rebellion marked a turning point in Ottoman fortunes, as a combination of ongoing Little Ice Age climate events, nomad incursions and rural disorder postponed Ottoman recovery over the following century, with enduring impacts on the region's population, land use and economy.
eBook