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"Turtles Conservation."
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A turtle's dangerous journey
\"A turtle is making her way across a highway to find a nesting spot. She avoids being run over, only to find trash in the nesting grounds, which attracts predators. Will the turtle survive this dangerous journey? This narrative nonfiction title includes a range map, notes on how to help turtles, further resources, and a glossary\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Ecotourism based on the observation of sea turtles - A sustainable solution for the touristic promotion of são tomé and príncipe
Wildlife-based ecotourism has been stated as an efficient tool to promote the conservation of endangered species and habitats. These activities also aim to create economic revenue for local communities. Likewise, ecotourism, intends to involve these communities in the management of the conservation programs and develop educational activities, either for children, locals, or tourists, in order to increase awareness about target species and habitats. This study addressed the recent ecotourism activities in the observation of sea turtles which are being developed in São Tomé and Príncipe. These charismatic marine reptiles are vulnerable or endangered due to human activities, such as meat and egg consumption, illegal trade, habitat loss, climatic change, pollution and fisheries bycatch. Therefore, ecotourism using flagship species, like a sea turtle, establishes a sustainable alternative to destructive activities, promoting the country's environmental, economic and social development, the three pillars of sustainability. In this context, the objective of this study is to know the potential of São Tomé and Príncipe as a turtle watching-based ecotourism destination. An exploratory analysis was carried out through two questionnaires (one focused to the Morro Peixe's local community and another to the tourists that were engaged in turtle watching activities), in order to know the perception of the inhabitants and tourists regarding the programs and initiatives for the conservation of sea turtles. Despite the awareness that already exists among inhabitants regarding the conservation of sea turtles, the results showed that they do not straightforwardly accept the prohibition for the capture of sea turtles, but most of the population of Morro de Peixe is receptive to changes in the community regarding their protection. In fact, the population is beginning to recognize that tourism, due to the protection given to these endangered species, may become (in the medium term) a sustainable source of income. Regarding tourists' profile, these are mostly Portuguese, with a high level of education and income. They are well informed about the need for sea turtle conservation and seek to carry out tourism activities that pursue this protection. In fact, this also demonstrates the potential the country has as a turtle watching-based ecotourism destination.
Journal Article
Saving turtles : a kids' guide to helping endangered creatures
Turtles are among the most beloved but endangered animals on the planet. Freshwater, marine and land turtles all face the same threats.
Book
The case of the green turtle : an uncensored history of a conservation icon
The true story of the controversial battle to save the world's most famous endangered species.
The journals of early maritime explorers traversing the Atlantic Ocean often describe swarms of sea turtles, once a plentiful source of food. Many populations had been decimated by the 1950s, when Archie Carr and others raised public awareness of their plight. One species, the green turtle, has been the most heavily exploited due to international demand for turtle products, especially green turtle soup. The species has achieved some measure of recovery due to thirty years of conservation efforts, but remains endangered.
In The Case of the Green Turtle, Alison Rieser provides an unparalleled look into the way science and conservation interact by focusing on the most controversial aspect of green turtle conservation—farming. While proponents argued that farming green sea turtles would help save them, opponents countered that it encouraged a taste for turtle flesh that would lead to the slaughter of wild stocks. The clash of these viewpoints once riveted the world.
Rieser relies on her expertise in ocean ecology, policy, and law to reveal how the efforts to preserve sea turtles changed marine conservation and the way we view our role in the environment. Her study of this early conservation controversy will fascinate anyone who cares about sea turtles or the oceans in which they live.
eBook
Out of my shell
\"Normally, Olivia spends all year looking forward to her family's summer vacation in Florida. But not this year. Not when her parents have recently separated, and her father has to stay behind in Colorado. Olivia doesn't know what she'll do all summer without him ... So Olivia plans to spend the summer laying low, and trying to ignore the hurt gnawing at her heart. But when she learns that the local sea turtle population is in serious risk of dying off because of her neighbor's poorly designed house, she knows she has to do something. She can't just watch the beautiful creatures suffer\"--Publisher marketing.
Book
Fine-scale geographic difference of the endangered Big-headed Turtle (Platysternon megacephalum) fecal microbiota, and comparison with the syntopic Beale’s Eyed Turtle (Sacalia bealei)
Background
Studies have elucidated the importance of gut microbiota for an organism, but we are still learning about the important influencing factors. Several factors have been identified in helping shape the microbiome of a host, and in this study we focus on two factors—geography and host. We characterize the fecal microbiota of the Big-headed Turtle (
Platysternon megacephalum
) and compare across a relatively fine geographic scale (three populations within an 8-km radius) and between two syntopic hosts (
P. megacephalum
and
Sacalia bealei
). Both species are endangered, which limits the number of samples we include in the study. Despite this limitation, these data serve as baseline data for healthy, wild fecal microbiotas of two endangered turtle species to aid in conservation management.
Results
For geography, the beta diversity of fecal microbiota differed between the most distant sites. The genus
Citrobacter
significantly differs between sites, which may indicate a difference in food availability, environmental microbiota, or both. Also, we identify the common core microbiome for
Platysternon
across Hong Kong as the shared taxa across the three sites. Additionally, beta diversity differs between host species. Since the two species are from the same site and encounter the same environmental microbiota, we infer that there is a host effect on the fecal microbiota, such as diet or the recruitment of host-adapted bacteria. Lastly, functional analyses found metabolism pathways (KEGG level 1) to be the most common, and pathways (KEGG level 3) to be statistically significant between sites, but statistically indistinguishable between species at the same site.
Conclusions
We find that fecal microbiota can significantly differ at a fine geographic scale and between syntopic hosts. Also, the function of fecal microbiota seems to be strongly affected by geographic site, rather than species. This study characterizes the identity and function of the fecal microbiota of two endangered turtle species, from what is likely their last remaining wild populations. These data of healthy, wild fecal microbiota will serve as a baseline for comparison and contribute to the conservation of these two endangered species.
Journal Article
Testing the efficiency of protected areas in the Amazon for conserving freshwater turtles
AIM: We used chelonian distribution data to (1) predict suitable areas of the occurrence for freshwater turtle species using species distribution models and (2) evaluate whether these species are protected by the current network of protected areas (PAs). LOCATION: The Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: We generated predictions of suitable areas for chelonian occurrence based on BIOCLIM, SVM, GLM and maximum entropy modelling procedures. We used maximum entropy to run the gap analysis and compared the effectiveness of three kinds of protected areas with different levels of protection: (1) integral protection areas (IPA) only; (2) integral protection areas + sustainable use areas (IPA+SUA); and (3) integral protection areas + sustainable use areas + indigenous lands (IPA + SUA + IL). RESULTS: We identified only one full gap species, Mesoclemmys nasuta, whose distribution is not included in any PAs. Other chelonian species have at least a portion of their distribution included in PAs. Some protected species and partial gap species occur in areas with high rates of deforestation. Considering PAs with the highest level of protection (IPA), only Rhinoclemmys punctularia and Kinosternon scorpioides achieve their conservation targets. In the IPA + SUA scenario, conservation targets of some species with small range sizes are not achieved. When all PA types were considered (IPA + SUA + IL), only two species fail to achieve their conservation targets, Acanthochelys macrocephala and M. nasuta. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Despite the large number of PAs in the Brazilian Amazon, IPAs alone are not sufficient for capturing suitable areas for freshwater turtles. The inclusion of SUA and IL is crucial for achieving coverage targets for most species. However, chelonians may be overharvested in SUAs and ILs, due to their importance as a food resource. Areas that have high turtle richness next to existing PAs and the needs of traditional cultures should be considered in management planning for freshwater turtles.
Journal Article
Exploring a Comprehensive Behavioural Model to Investigate Illegal Sea Turtle Trade in Cabo Verde
Successful conservation outcomes often depend on changing human behaviours that negatively impact biodiversity, such as unsustainable wildlife harvesting or illegal wildlife trade (IWT). However, inclusive psychology models that examine motivations of those behaviours have been underutilised in IWT contexts. This research examines the drivers of illegal harvesting and consumption of sea turtles on Maio, Cabo Verde (West Africa), by adapting data from interviews (n=20) and questionnaires (n=325) into the Comprehensive Action Determination Model, an environmental psychology theoretical framework. Initial findings suggest local behavioural motivations have changed over time, but key beliefs remained intact. Structural equation modelling showed intention to consume turtles is influenced by positive attitudes towards consumption, but interviews suggest normative personal and social beliefs are becoming relevant to consumptive behaviour mitigation. The same seems true of harvesting, reportedly performed mostly by young men looking to sell turtle by-products. Overall, results indicate the beliefs underlying harvest and consumption behaviours are distinct, such that outreach initiatives must be designed to address each. Results demonstrate how conceptual models developed in underutilised disciplines can be adapted to expand the transdisciplinary tools available to conservation practitioners. Embracing behaviour-focused approaches is crucial to address the intricate cultural and contextual factors of IWT.
Journal Article