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From our earliest ancestors to babies born today, fabric is a necessary part of our everyday lives, but it's also an opportunity for creativity, symbolism, culture and connection. Traveling across the world and bringing history to life, bestselling author Victoria Finlay investigates how and why people have made and used cloth. A century ago in Wales, women would sew their own funeral clothes over tea with friends. In Papua New Guinea, bark is stripped from trees and beaten into cloth. Harris Tweed has a particular smell, while Guatemalan weavers use dazzling colors. Uncovering the stories of the fabrics people wear and use from sacking to silk, Fabric combines science, history, tradition and art in a captivating exploration of how we live, work, craft and care.

This study aimed to produce upcycled tweed fabric using clothing waste, and to this end, weaving methods for tweed were designed, and the creative upcycling of tweeds was produced. For the improvement in the quality of recycled fabrics and to produce creative, upcycled tweed designs, four weaving methods were designed based on Chanel’s tweed design. Various types of discarded clothing waste were collected and used as materials. The upcycling tweeds produced were evaluated by experts based on the factors of novelty and appropriateness. As a result of the evaluation, all of the upcycled tweed fabrics presented excellent creativity scores. The creativity score was high when different materials, such as yarn and fabric tape and yarn and bead, were used. Tweed weaving is not difficult to perform, and our interest increased during the weaving process. The creativity of upcycling tweed fabric was discussed in depth, centered on experts who evaluated upcycling tweeds. Through this study, the possibility of popularizing the upcycling of tweed fabric using clothing waste is expected. This study is meaningful in that it presents aesthetic and functional utilization methods for decreasing clothing waste and shows the possibility of creative changes made to clothing waste.

Background Despite the current popularity of artificial intelligence (AI)- assisted cephalometric analysis, its cost precludes its widespread use in low-income countries. Free alternatives are available but mostly lack rigorous validation. Thus, this study aimed to assess the precision of AI-assisted tracing using a freely available web-based platform (WebCeph) (Artificial Intelligence Orthodontic & Orthognathic Cloud Platform, South Korea) by comparing it with the gold standard (manual tracing on OnyxCeph software) (Image Instruments, Chemnitz, Germany). It was also compared with commercially available AI-assisted tracing software (Carestream) (Carestream Dental LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA). Materials and methods Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 57 randomly selected patients were included in this study. The radiographs were obtained from the archives of the Radiology unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University. Three lateral cephalometric analysis methods were used. OnyxCeph3™ software was considered the gold standard (Control group), the web-based, WebCeph™ platform, was used as an online AI-based cephalometric analysis platform and set as test group 1, and the desktop-based, Carestream imaging software V8, was used for AI cephalometric analysis and set as test group 2. Skeletal and dental measurements of Steiner and Tweed analyses that were generated using the three methods were compared. Results Statistically significant differences were detected between the three methods in 11 out of the 18 cephalometric measurements. Notably, in Steiner analysis, the Max1-NA angle was significantly larger in WebCeph than Onyxceph and Carestream by 2.38° and 3.41°, respectively. The Mand1-NB angle was significantly larger in Onyxceph than Carestream and WebCeph by 3.07° and 2.01°, respectively. In Tweed analysis, all the measured variables were significantly different between the three methods, except the AFH. Particularly, the values of IMPA, POr-OcP, PFH, and facial height index were significantly different in Carestream than both Onyxceph and WebCeph. Fewer and smaller discrepancies were detected between WebCeph and the manual gold standard than those detected between Carestream and the manual gold standard. Conclusions The freely available AI web-based platform, WebCeph, performed comparably to manual tracing, and outperformed the commercially available AI desktop-based software, Carestream, in several key parameters, making it a viable tool for resource-limited settings.

The lower Mississippian Ballagan Formation of northern Britain is one of only two successions worldwide to yield the earliest known tetrapods with terrestrial capability following the end-Devonian mass extinction event. Studies of the sedimentary environments and habitats in which these beasts lived have been an integral part of a major research project into how, why and under what circumstances this profound step in the evolution of life on Earth occurred. Here, a new palaeogeographic map is constructed from outcrop data integrated with new and archived borehole material. The map shows the extent of a very low-relief coastal wetland developed along the tropical southern continental margin of Laurussia. Coastal floodplains in the Midland Valley and Tweed basins were separated from the marginal marine seaway of the Northumberland–Solway Basin to the south by an archipelago of more elevated areas. A complex mosaic of sedimentary environments was juxtaposed, and included fresh and brackish to saline and hypersaline lakes, a diverse suite of floodplain palaeosols and a persistent fluvial system in the east of the region. The strongly seasonal climate led to the formation of evaporite deposits alternating with flooding events, both meteoric and marine. Storm surges drove marine floods from the SW into both the western Midland Valley and Northumberland–Solway Basin; marine water also flooded into the Tweed Basin and Tayside in the east. The Ballagan Formation is a rare example in the geological record of a tropical, seasonal coastal wetland that contains abundant, small-scale evaporite deposits. The diverse sedimentary environments and palaeosol types indicate a network of different terrestrial and aquatic habitats in which the tetrapods lived.

This video tells the story of William \"Boss\" Tweed. Tracing his rise to political power in post Civil War New York City, a metropolis whose population was booming from an influx of European immigrants, this video explores the question of whether Tweed was a hero, a villain, or something in between.

Using the methods of electron microscopy and X-ray analysis in combination with measurements of the electrical resistance and magnetic susceptibility, the authors have obtained data on the peculiar features of pre-martensitic states and martensitic transformations, as well as subsequent decomposition, in the alloys with shape memory effect of Cu–14wt%Al–3wt%Ni and Cu–13.5wt%Al–3.5wt%Ni. For the first time, we established the microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties, and microhardness of the alloys obtained in the nanocrystalline state as a result of severe plastic deformation under high pressure torsion and subsequent annealing. A crystallographic model of the martensite nucleation and the rearrangements β1→β1′ and β1→γ1′ are proposed based on the analysis of the observed tweed contrast and diffuse scattering in the austenite and the internal defects in the substructure of the martensite.

Terrorism has large social costs that are difficult to quantify for the well-known problems of eliciting people's preferences for public goods. We use the LSA to assess these costs in utility and monetary terms. Based on combined cross-section time-series data, we estimate the costs of terrorism for France and the British Isles. We find large negative effects of terrorism on life satisfaction that translate into considerable compensating surpluses for a hypothetical reduction in terrorism, in particular for the serious conflict in Northern Ireland. The effects of terrorism are robust and differ across groups in accordance with prior expectations.

The crystal structure, texture, martensitic transformation, and magnetic properties of magnetic shape-memory Heusler alloys of Ni51−xMn33.4In15.6Vx (x = 0; 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 1) were investigated. Experimental studies of the magnetic properties and meta-magnetostructural transition (martensitic transition—MT) confirm the main sensitivity of the martensitic transition temperature to vanadium doping and to an applied magnetic field. This makes this family of shape-memory alloys promising for use in numerous applications, such as magnetocaloric cooling and MEMS technology. Diffuse electron scattering was analyzed, and the structures of the austenite and martensite were determined, including the use of TEM in situ experiments during heating and cooling for an alloy with a 0.3 at.% concentration of V. In the austenitic state, the alloys are characterized by a high-temperature-ordered phase of the L21 type. The images show nanodomain structures in the form of tweed contrast and contrast from antiphase domains and antiphase boundaries. The alloy microstructure in the temperature range from the martensitic finish to 113 K consists of a six-layer modulated martensite, with 10 M and 14 M modulation observed in local zones. The morphology of the double structure of the modulated martensite structure inherits the morphology of the nanodomain structure in the parent phase. This suggests that it is possible to control the structure of the high-temperature austenite phase and the temperature of the martensitic transition by alloying and/or rapidly quenching from the high-temperature phase. In addition, attention is paid to maintaining fine interface structures. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed good coherence along the austenite–martensite boundary.

The Ran GTPase activating protein (RanGAP) is important to Ran signaling involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport, spindle organization, and postmitotic nuclear assembly. Unlike vertebrate and yeast RanGAP, plant RanGAP has an N-terminal WPP domain, required for nuclear envelope association and several mitotic locations of Arabidopsis thaliana RanGAP1. A double null mutant of the two Arabidopsis RanGAP homologs is gametophyte lethal. Here, we created a series of mutants with various reductions in RanGAP levels by combining a RanGAP1 null allele with different RanGAP2 alleles. As RanGAP level decreases, the severity of developmental phenotypes increases, but nuclear import is unaffected. To dissect whether the GAP activity and/or the subcellular localization of RanGAP are responsible for the observed phenotypes, this series of rangap mutants were transformed with RanGAP1 variants carrying point mutations abolishing the GAP activity and/or the WPPdependent subcellular localization. The data show that plant development is differentially affected by RanGAP mutant allele combinations of increasing severity and requires the GAP activity of RanGAP, while the subcellular positioning of RanGAP is dispensable. In addition, our results indicate that nucleocytoplasmic trafficking can tolerate both partial depletion of RanGAP and delocalization of RanGAP from the nuclear envelope.

Presented as a panacea for the problems of environmental management, 'participation' conceals competing frames of meaning. 'Ladders of participation' explain insufficiently why public engagement is often limited to consultation, even within so-called higher level partnerships. To explain how participation is shaped to produce more or less symmetric exchanges in processes of deliberation, this article distinguishes between (1) discourses/practices, (2) frames and (3) power effects. This article's empirical focus is the experience of participatory catchment organisations and their central but under-researched role in integrated catchment management. In addition to an analysis of policy statements and other relevant documents, this article draws on qualitative interview and participant-observation data gathered in an international participatory knowledge exchange that we facilitated among four participatory catchment organisations (and various other agencies). Results suggest that while statements about legislation promise symmetric engagements, the mechanics of legislation frame participation as asymmetric consultation. In their own arenas, participatory catchment organisations deploy participation within a framework of grassroots democracy, but when they engage in partnership with government, participation is reshaped by at least four competing frames: (1) representare democracy, which admits, yet captures, the public's voice; (2) professionalisation, which can exclude framings that facilitate more symmetric engagement; (3) statutory requirements, which hybridise participatory catchment organisations to deliver government agendas and (4) evidence-based decision-making, which tends to maintain knowledge hierarchies. Nevertheless, participatory catchment organisations proved capable of reflecting on their capture. We thus conclude that the co-production of science and society, and the power effects of framing, must become explicit topics of discussion in processes of environmental policy deliberation for participation to result in more symmetric forms of public engagement.