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Heat exchangers are devices that typically transfer heat between two fluids. The performance of a heat exchanger such as heat transfer rate and pressure loss strongly depends on the flow regime in the heat transfer system. In this paper, we present a density-based topology optimization method for a two-fluid heat exchange system, which achieves a maximum heat transfer rate under fixed pressure loss. We propose a representation model accounting for three states, i.e., two fluids and a solid wall between the two fluids, by using a single design variable field. The key aspect of the proposed model is that mixing of the two fluids can be essentially prevented. This is because the solid constantly exists between the two fluids due to the use of the single design variable field. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method through three-dimensional numerical examples in which an optimized design is compared with a simple reference design, and the effects of design conditions (i.e., Reynolds number, Prandtl number, design domain size, and flow arrangements) are investigated.

Cylindrical shell is a fundamental structure in the area of mechanical and architectural engineering. In the predesign stage, accurate analysis is a key step to guarantee the performance in application. Finite element method is a commonly used method in structural analysis. However, due to the limitations of interpolation functions, accuracy and efficiency are restricted. Wavelet finite element method is an advanced numerical method which uses wavelet functions to replace the traditional polynomial function to discrete the solving variables. Daubechies, B-spline wavelet on the interval (BSWI) etc. have been used to construct the elements. However, they are mainly focused on the elements with one kind of variable. That is, only the displacement variable is interpolated directly and the generalized stress and strain are calculated second. Multivariable wavelet finite element can deal with this problem, in which the three kinds of variables can be interpolated and solved directly, thus the calculation error can be avoiding. In this paper, the BSWI scaling functions are used to construct the wavelet finite elements for cylindrical shell, including BSWI element with one kind of variables (BSWI-WFE), BSWI element with two kinds of variables (BSWI-TwWFE) and BSWI element with three kinds of variables (BSWI-ThWFE). Several numerical examples for cylindrical shell are provided to analyze the performance of the constructed elements and compared with each other to indicate superiority and efficiency.

This paper proposes a novel WOA-based robust control scheme with two kinds of propagation latencies and external disturbance implemented in Software-Defined Wireless Networks (SDWNs) to maximize overall throughput and enhance the stability of the global network. Firstly, an adjustment model developed using the Additive-Increase Multiplicative-Decrease (AIMD) adjustment scheme with propagation latency in device-to-device paths and a closed-loop congestion control model with propagation latency in device–controller pairs are proposed, and the effect of channel competition from neighboring forwarding devices is analyzed. Subsequently, a robust congestion control model with two kinds of propagation latencies and external disturbance is established. Then, a new WOA-based scheduling strategy that considers each individual whale as a specific scheduling plan to allocate appropriate sending rates at the source side is presented to maximize the global network throughput. Afterward, the sufficient conditions are derived using Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals and formulated using Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a numerical simulation is conducted to verify the effectiveness of this proposed scheme.

Does a novel focus on one life or many? Alex Woloch uses this simple question to develop a powerful new theory of the realist novel, based on how narratives distribute limited attention among a crowded field of characters. His argument has important implications for both literary studies and narrative theory. Characterization has long been a troubled and neglected problem within literary theory. Through close readings of such novels asPride and Prejudice,Great Expectations, andLe Père Goriot, Woloch demonstrates that the representation of any character takes place within a shifting field of narrative attention and obscurity. Each individual--whether the central figure or a radically subordinated one--emerges as a character only through his or her distinct and contingent space within the narrative as a whole. The \"character-space,\" as Woloch defines it, marks the dramatic interaction between an implied person and his or her delimited position within a narrative structure. The organization of, and clashes between, many character-spaces within a single narrative totality is essential to the novel's very achievement and concerns, striking at issues central to narrative poetics, the aesthetics of realism, and the dynamics of literary representation. Woloch's discussion of character-space allows for a different history of the novel and a new definition of characterization itself. By making the implied person indispensable to our understanding of literary form, this book offers a forward-looking avenue for contemporary narrative theory.

Lyric poetry has long been regarded as the intensely private, emotional expression of individuals, powerful precisely because it draws readers into personal worlds. But who, exactly, is the \"I\" in a lyric poem, and how is it created? In Lyric Poetry, Mutlu Blasing argues that the individual in a lyric is only a virtual entity and that lyric poetry takes its power from the public, emotional power of language itself. In the first major new theory of the lyric to be put forward in decades, Blasing proposes that lyric poetry is a public discourse deeply rooted in the mother tongue. She looks to poetic, linguistic, and psychoanalytic theory to help unravel the intricate historical processes that generate speaking subjects, and concludes that lyric forms convey both personal and communal emotional histories in language. Focusing on the work of such diverse twentieth-century American poets as T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, Wallace Stevens, and Anne Sexton, Blasing demonstrates the ways that the lyric \"I\" speaks, from first to last, as a creation of poetic language.

For nonlinear vibration problems, IHB method is an effective definite quantitative method. The theoretical foundation of IHB method is amplitude incremental variational principle. In this paper, amplitude incremental generalized potential energy principle and generalized quasi-potential energy principle with two variables are established, thus improving theoretical foundation of IHB method.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Vowels, Vowel‐Like Sounds, and Formants Obstruents Nasal Consonants and Nasalized Vowels Concluding Comment References

According to the corresponding relations between general forces and general displacements, the balancing and geometrical equations of elasticity are multiplied by the corresponding virtual quantities, integrated with volume and area, and then added algebraically. Proceeding to the next step, by substituting constitutive relation and considering that body force and surface force are both fellow forces, the generalized quasi-variational principles with the two kinds of variables of the first type are established in non-conservative systems. Through substituting another constitutive relation, using similar methods as above, the generalized quasi-variational principles with the two kinds of variables of the second type are established in non-conservative systems. By using the generalized quasi-complementary energy principles with the two kinds of variables of the first type, a method for solving two kinds of variables (internal force and deformation) is given for non-conservative systems of the typical fellow forces.

Elegiac lyrics celebrating the love of boys, which the translator termsPuerilities, comprise most of the twelfth book ofThe Greek Anthology. That book, the so-calledMusa Puerilis, is brilliantly translated in this, the first complete verse version in English. It is a delightful eroticopia of short poems by great and lesser-known Greek poets, spanning hundreds of years, from ancient times to the late Christian era. The epigrams--wry, wistful, lighthearted, libidinous, and sometimes bawdy--revel in the beauty and fickle affection of boys and young men and in the fleeting joys of older men in loving them. Some, doubtless bandied about in the lax and refined setting of banquets, are translated as limericks. Also included are a few fine and often funny poems about girls and women. Fashion changes in morality as well as in poetry. The sort of attachment that inspired these verses was considered perfectly normal and respectable for over a thousand years. Some of the very best Greek poets--including Strato of Sardis, Theocritus, and Meleager of Gadara--are to be found in these pages. The more than two hundred fifty poems range from the lovely to the playful to the ribald, but all are, as an epigram should be, polished and elegant. The Greek originals face the translations, enhancing the volume's charm. A friend of Youth, I have no youth in mind, For each has beauties, of a different kind. --Strato I've had enough to drink; my heart and soul As well as tongue are losing self-control. The lamp flame bifurcates; I multiply The dinner guests by two each time I try. Not only shaken up by the wine-waiter, I ogle too the boy who pours the water. --Strato Venus, denying Cupid is her son, Finds in Antiochus a better one. This is the boy to be enamored of, Boys, a new love superior to Love. --Meleager

The traditional division of the lexicon into parts of speech which seems to satisfy the requirements of a syntactic description, on the one hand, and a word formation description, on the other hand, cannot be looked upon as a result of a strict classification covering the totality of the lexicon and being based on a coherent set of criteria. Making the criteria more precise or correcting them is an issue of extreme importance and urgency in the work on the theory of language. Such achievements can help solve many other problems, in particular, syntactic ones. The article presents a scheme of several preliminary steps of an amelioration program (a scheme which has been improved compared to the authors earlier attempts going in the same direction). The program is based on combinability characteristics of words, i.e. on those properties that are responsible for the tasks to be accomplished by a given class of expressions in making up a higher order unit, i.e. a syntagm (the author emphasizes this point: it is syntagm rather than sentence which is the category the recommended approach is focusing on), and that, importantly, determine the limits of syntactic rules, i.e. the ins and outs of the rules (the limits concerning the overall stock of words).