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In Jewish communal memory, Bohdan Khmelnytskyi is reviled as the mass-murderer of thousands of Jews in Ukraine. However, this memory preserves little detail about the man himself. This can presumably be traced back to the contemporary Jewish chronicles, which describe him in only the briefest terms. However, the most sophisticated and detailed chronicle, Yevein Metsulah, written in Hebrew, presents a multifaceted portrait of Khmelnytskyi. Hanover uses his literary skills to explore the factors leading the Cossack hetman not only to rebel against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but also to turn his anger on the Jews. Though Jews’ pro-Polish orientation during the rebellion was clear, Hanover presents the little known, but highly significant, ambivalence felt by some Jews towards Khmelnytskyi in the years before the uprising. This chapter contextualizes Hanover’s portrayal of Khmelnytskyi, reflecting on the sources of Hanover’s outlook and its significance for later generations.