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Cut loose
Years after the Great Recession, the economy is still weak, and an unprecedented number of workers have sunk into long spells of unemployment. Cut Loose provides a vivid and moving account of the experiences of some of these men and women, through the example of a historically important group: autoworkers. Their well-paid jobs on the assembly lines built a strong middle class in the decades after World War II. But today, they find themselves beleaguered in a changed economy of greater inequality and risk, one that favors the well-educated—or well-connected. Their declining fortunes in recent decades tell us something about what the white-collar workforce should expect to see in the years ahead, as job-killing technologies and the shipping of work overseas take away even more good jobs. Cut Loose offers a poignant look at how the long-term unemployed struggle in today's unfair economy to support their families, rebuild their lives, and overcome the shame and self-blame they deal with on a daily basis. It is also a call to action—a blueprint for a new kind of politics, one that offers a measure of grace in a society of ruthless advancement.
eBook
Cut loose : jobless and hopeless in an unfair economy
\"Years after the Great Recession, the economy is still weak, and an unprecedented number of workers have sunk into long spells of unemployment, increasingly unlikely to get another good job in their lifetimes. Based on a careful crossnational comparison, \"Cut Loose\" describes the experiences of American and Canadian unemployed workers and the impact of the different social policies meant to help them. It focuses on a historically important group: autoworkers. Their well-paid factory jobs built a strong middle class in the decades after World War II. But today, they find themselves lost and beleaguered in a changed economy of greater inequality and risk, one that favors the well-educated--or well-connected. Their declining fortunes tell us something about what the white-collar workforce should expect in the years ahead, as job-killing technologies and the shipping of work overseas take away even more good jobs. Their frustrating experiences with retraining question whether education is really the cure-all it is made out to be. And their grim prospects in the job market reveal today's frenzied competition and harsh culture of judgment that has trickled down to a group long known for its strong belief in equality. \"Cut Loose\" provides a poignant look at how the long-term unemployed struggle in today's unfair economy to support their families, rebuild their lives, and cope with shame and self-blame. Yet it is also a call to action--a blueprint for a new kind of politics, one that offers a measure of grace in a society of ruthless advancement.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Unemployment and Labour Force Behaviour of Young People
While the unemployment rate for young people has always tended to be well above the average, this tendency has been greatly accentuated in recent years. There is a large turnover in the youth labour force, and the employment of experience of those between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five has been marked by seasonal variations. This study discusses the factors which contribute to the high youth unemployment rate, examines the historical record of labout force participation, and provides some projections into the future.
eBook
The diverse worlds of unemployed adults : consequences for leisure, lifestyle, and well-being
Multi-method research study shows why leisure activities are as important for the unemployed as they are for the employed.
Can someone who is unemployed experience leisure, or does that seem like a contradiction in terms? If unemployed people can experience leisure, how might it mitigate the negative effects of unemployment? And what form, then, would that leisure take?
The relationship between leisure and unemployment has not received the attention it merits, especially in North America. Because research on leisure and unemployment must cross over areas of study, as well as theoretical perspectives, it can often seem conflicting and inconclusive. Yet the need for an understanding of that relationship remains. This groundbreaking book addresses that need.
Mark E. Havitz, Peter A. Morden, and Diane M. Samdahl describe the sometimes surprising results of their multi-method study of the effects of unemployment on leisure, lifestyle, and well-being within Canada, and integrate those results with literature collected worldwide into a comprehensive picture. Using in-depth interviews, quantitative experience sampling, and standardized questionnaire data, this fascinating book provides ample evidence that the lived experiences of the unemployed are incredibly diverse, and the need for leisure is as intense for them as for the employed. The authors also pinpoint changes in public policy and social service agency management at local, provincial, and federal levels that will better serve unemployed people and their dependents, and enable them to use leisure activities to improve their lives.
eBook
Migration and social determinants of mental health
OBJECTIVES:
Studies worldwide point to increased risk of mental health problems among immigrants. However, the data on Canadian immigrants’ mental health are ambiguous. To address this, we examined the relationship of both self-perceived mental health and reported diagnosis of mood disorders with age, gender, migration status, time since migration, and social determinants of health factors.
METHODS:
We analyzed three cycles of the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Our outcome variables were self-perceived mental health and reported diagnosis of mood disorders. We used weighted logistic regression to model time since migration conditional on age, gender, income, community belonging, education, and employment status for 12 160 participants aged 15-79 years.
RESULTS:
Recent (within 5 years) migrants reported better self-perceived mental health (odds ratio 3.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.06-7.70) but this effect disappeared with longer time since immigration. Other predictors were older age, higher income, better sense of community belonging, and being employed. Similarly, diagnosis of mood disorders was less likely to be reported in recent migrants (odds ratio 0.23, 95% CI: 0.10-0.53) with some weak evidence that this was also seen among longer-term migrant residents (>10 years). Diagnosis was also associated with older age, being a woman, lower income, weak sense of community belonging, and being unemployed.
DISCUSSION:
Our findings indicate that migrants to Canada do not have worse mental health in general, though health and social policies need to attend to the socio-economic determinants, such as low income, unemployment, and a poor sense of community belonging, which contribute to population health outcomes.
Journal Article
Lincoln’s well-considered political economy (the ‘American System’) trumped the Free Trade British System
The Whigs could legitimately emphasise what Hamilton’s Report had not touched upon: urban labourers made unemployed by import competition could not shift to ‘collateral employments’ with the presumptive ease asserted by Free Trader Democrats. More than anything, it was the structural cyclical instability (Minsky moments) that engendered a new party (Republican) to exert political pressures for government involvement in the management of the economy (mercantilism). Economic beliefs played the most fundamental role in Lincoln’s career, and his mercantilist views, in conformity with Hamilton, Clay and the economist Carey, were key determinants in effectuating the Industrial Revolution within the United States through tariffs, government-supported macro-projects and structurally stimulating aggregate demand through a national currency. Permeating Lincoln's political economy was a fierce non-neutral view of money wherein banks created the funds to ignite the American System. Henry Clay, Henry Carey and Abraham Lincoln were seeking to supplant the Ricardo–Malthus long-term model of economic growth (emphasising distribution within a relatively stagnant economy) with one of expanding productive powers and rising wage levels. These interventionist issues are still quite relevant since US economics students are taught modernised versions of the doctrines of Ricardo and Malthus which were controverted more than a century ago by the American School, and more specifically by Abraham Lincoln.
Journal Article
The Intergenerational Effects of Worker Displacement
This article uses variation induced by firm closures to explore the intergenerational effects of worker displacement using a Canadian panel of administrative data that follows more than 39,000 father‐son pairs from 1978 to 1999. We find that children whose fathers were displaced have annual earnings about 9% lower than similar children whose fathers did not experience an employment shock. They are also more likely to receive unemployment insurance and social assistance. The estimates are driven by the experiences of children whose family income was at the bottom of the income distribution.
Journal Article
Waiting for Recovery
Le marché du travail canadien émerge actuellement d’un scénario persistant de surcroît anormal de travailleurs en chômage temporaire (ou licenciés en rappel), ceux qui sont « employés mais absents du travail » pour des raisons qui ne sont pas précisées ou ceux qui, dans l’attente d’un rappel, ne font pas partie de la population active. Deux signes encourageants apparaissent évidents. Les nouveaux affichages de postes à pourvoir se sont redressés, passant de 50 pour cent à environ 80 pour cent de leur niveau antérieur à la crise, et les données semblent en outre indiquer que la hausse de l’emploi en mai 2020 est attribuable au retour au travail de certains des travailleurs en attente de rappel. Ces éléments d’information laissent supposer que le marché du travail pourrait se rétablir rapidement. Les signaux d’alerte sont les suivants : les proportions de personnes au chômage qui n’ont pas de lien d’emploi et des personnes en attente de rappel qui sont à la recherche d’un emploi sont à la hausse.
The Canadian labour market is currently emerging from a holding pattern with unusually high numbers of people in temporary (or “recall”) unemployment, people who are “employed but absent from work” for unspecified reasons, or people who are not in the labour force while waiting to be recalled. Two encouraging signs are evident. New postings of vacancies have recovered from 50 percent to about 80 percent of their pre-crisis level. Also, data suggest that the increase in employment in May 2020 is due to the re-entry into employment of some of those waiting to be recalled. These patterns suggest that the labour market might rebound quickly. Warning signs are that the shares of unemployed persons without job attachment and of those on recall engaged in job search are beginning to increase.
Journal Article
Higher unemployment and higher work-related traumatic fatality
Although Saskatchewan appears to have the greatest burden of work-related fatality (WRF) in Canada, it is unclear how WRF rates have varied over time. We investigated the WRF rate in Saskatchewan over the past decade and modeled potential risk factors for WRF, including economic indicators.
In this cross-sectional, population-based study, Saskatchewan workplace traumatic fatalities grouped by year, season, and worker characteristics (eg, age, industry) were used in addition to Statistics Canada labor force survey total employment, total labor force, and the number of unemployed workers by year and season. WRF rates were calculated as fatalities per total number of employed workers. A Poisson generalized additive model was employed to examine the association between WRF rates and personal characteristics, and economic indicators.
The rate remained fairly stable between 2013-2014 and 2015-2017 but sharply increased from 2017 to 2018. On average, the highest rate was observed among workers aged ≥60 years (0.70 ± 0.21 per 100 000). Men had a more than 13-fold greater risk of WRF than women [relative risk (RR)13.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 10.48-17.9), with the highest RR of WRF observed in the construction industry (RR 9.2, 95% CI 6.1-13.8). The risk of mortality increased non-linearly with increasing unemployment rate, with instability as the unemployment rate reaches the highest modeled values.
Workplace fatality in the province has fluctuated over the past decade, with differential impact observed among industry groups. Furthermore, an increase in the unemployment rate was followed by an increase in mortality risk. Prioritizing and encouraging prevention strategies during periods of economic recessions could help address the incidence of fatalities at work.
Journal Article