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Bureaucratic manoeuvres : the contested administration of the unemployed
\"In Bureaucratic Manoeuvres, John Grundy examines profound transformations in the governance of unemployment in Canada. While policy makers previously approached unemployment as a social and economic problem to be addressed through macroeconomic policies, recent labour market policy reforms have placed much more emphasis on the supposedly deficient employability of the unemployed themselves, a troubling shift that deserves close, critical attention. Tracing a behind-the-scenes history of public employment services in Canada, Bureaucratic Manoeuvres shows just how difficult it has been for administrators and frontline staff to govern unemployment as a problem of individual employability. Drawing on untapped government records, it sheds much-needed light on internal bureaucratic struggles over the direction of labour market policy in Canada and makes a key contribution to Canadian political science, economics, public administration, and sociology.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Gendered States
In the period since the Second World War there has been both a massive influx of women into the Canadian job market and substantive changes to the welfare state as early expansion gave way, by the 1970s, to a prolonged period of retrenchment and restructuring. Through a detailed historical account of the Unemployment Insurance (UI) program from 1945 to 1997, Ann Porter demonstrates how gender was central both to the construction of the post-war welfare state, as well as to its subsequent crisis and restructuring. Drawing on a wide range of sources (including archival material, UI administrative tribunal decisions, and documents from the government, labour and women's groups) she examines the implications of restructuring for women's equality, as well as how women's groups, labour and the state interacted in efforts to shape the policy agenda.
Porter argues that, while the post-war welfare state model was based on a family with a single male breadwinner, the new model is one that assumes multiple family earners and encourages employability for both men and women. The result has been greater formal equality for women, but at the same time the restructuring and reduction of benefits have undermined these gains and made women's lives increasingly difficult. Using concepts from political economy, feminism, and public policy, this study will be of interest across a range of disciplines.
eBook
Unemployment and Labour Force Behaviour of Young People
While the unemployment rate for young people has always tended to be well above the average, this tendency has been greatly accentuated in recent years. There is a large turnover in the youth labour force, and the employment of experience of those between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five has been marked by seasonal variations. This study discusses the factors which contribute to the high youth unemployment rate, examines the historical record of labout force participation, and provides some projections into the future.
eBook
From UI to EI : waging war on the welfare state
From UI to EI examines the history of Canada's unemployment insurance system and the rights it grants to the unemployed.
eBook
Youth Unemployment Is High So These Teen Entrepreneurs Created Their Own Jobs
\"As the jobless rate among Canadian youth remains high, some London teenagers are opting out of the application process and starting their own businesses instead. More than a dozen young, small business owners took part in a youth-led vendors market on Sunday [Jan 11, 2026] where they showcased their products.\" (CBC News) Learn how teens decided to start their own businesses due to the high youth unemployment rate in Canada.
Newspaper Article
Youth Unemployment Is Up. Here's How Parents Can Help Their Teen
\"Joblessness has been ticking up gradually in Canada for all ages of workers since mid-2022 as the economy and labour market have cooled. But for young people, the unemployment rate sits at more than double the 6.6 per cent Statistics Canada reported for the general working-age population in August [2024]...Parents know that a first job can be not just a formative rite of passage, but also an important initial building block toward a life-long career. That's why many parents want to do what they can to help their children tackle the job market.\" (Canadian Press) Read how parents can support their teens who face challenges in the job market.
Newspaper Article
Canada's unemployment mosaic, 2000 to 2006
Of course not all parts of the country have shared equally in the improvement. Some have done better, others worse. Normally, comparisons involve the 10 provinces or 5 regions of Canada, but within each, many distinct labour markets can be found. This article focuses on the 28 census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and the 10 provincial non-CMA areas (see Data source and definitions). Using the Labour Force Survey (LFS), the article first tracks unemployment rate dispersion for local labour markets (CMAs and non-CMA areas) between 2000 and 2006. It then examines the comparative labour market performance of these areas based on unemployment rates and rankings, and unemployment duration. Unemployment levels, labour force, and employment are provided in an appendix. Unlike trends in the unemployment rate, a positive picture emerges from the average unemployment duration (Chart C). At the national level, duration fell by about 3 weeks (from 19.8 to 16.7 weeks) between 2000 and 2006. Declines were also registered in most areas (33). Whereas 8 areas registered a higher unemployment rate in 2006, only 5 areas had a higher average unemployment duration (Prince Edward Island, Saguenay, Oshawa, non-CMA Alberta, and Victoria). Indeed, except for Oshawa, all areas in Ontario had shorter durations in 2006. The rise in duration in Victoria is intriguing since this CMA was among those registering the best improvement in unemployment rate. For a number of reasons, gaps always exist between the national unemployment rate and rates registered by various CMAs and non-CMAs. An increase in the dispersion rate means the gap is widening, and vice versa. In this paper, dispersion rates for CMAs and non-CMA areas are calculated as a weighted mean of the differences between the area and national unemployment rates. Specifically, the absolute difference between each area rate and the national rate is multiplied by the area labour force. These products are summed and the total divided by the national labour force to produce aggregate dispersion. Finally, this is divided by the national unemployment rate to produce percent dispersion.
Journal Article
Are Government Spending Multipliers Greater during Periods of Slack? Evidence from Twentieth-Century Historical Data
A key question that has arisen during recent debates is whether government spending multipliers are larger during times when resources are idle. This paper seeks to shed light on this question by analyzing new quarterly historical data covering multiple large wars and depressions in the United States and Canada. Using Jorda's (2005) method for estimating impulse responses, we find no evidence that multipliers are greater during periods of high unemployment in the United States. In every case, they are below unity. We do find evidence of higher multipliers during periods of slack in Canada, with some multipliers above unity.
Journal Article