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"Unesco Congresses."
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“What Prospects for ‘Orphan Works’? Reflection on Cultural Goods without Provenance,” University of Geneva, 4–5 February 2021
On 4-5 February 2021, an international conference entitled \"What Prospects for 'Orphan Works'? Reflection on Cultural Goods without Provenance\" took place, which was organized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO) Chair in the International Law of the Protection of Cultural Heritage at the University of Geneva, the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), and the Foundation Gandur pour l'Art. The conference was held remotely via Zoom.
Welcoming speakers and participants, Yves Fluckiger (rector of the University of Geneva)
highlighted that the event gathered world-class specialists in the field of art, art history,
archeology, law, and economics, who face the problem of orphan works on a daily basis.
Short speeches were also presented by Sami Kanaan (the mayor of Geneva), Jean Claude
Gandur (Foundation Gandur pour l’Art), Marina Schneider (UNIDROIT), Marc-André Renold
(the University of Geneva), and Isabelle Tassignon (Foundation Gandur pour l’Art).
Journal Article
Protecting the past for the future: How does law protect tangible and intangible cultural heritage in armed conflict?
In war, individuals are vulnerable not only physically but also in terms of their cultural identity, and the obliteration of cultural heritage often becomes a central issue. This is particularly the case in armed conflicts with an ethnic, cultural or religious character. In some regions, cultural heritage consists more of monuments and objects; it is a “tangible” heritage, mostly protected by the law of armed conflict. Elsewhere, where structures are impermanent, cultural heritage is mainly expressed through orality, gestures, rituals, music and other forms of expression that individuals create using various media and instruments. Such heritage is mainly “intangible”. This essay aims to show that cultural heritage is both tangible and intangible, and that the law which protects such heritage is not limited to the law of armed conflict. Cultural heritage also benefits from the protection of other applicable instruments, such as human rights treaties and the UNESCO cultural heritage conventions.
Journal Article
Provenance and Price: Autoregulation of the Antiquities Market?
It is becoming common to read that antiquities without a provenance stretching back to before the 1970 adoption by UNESCO of the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property are increasingly difficult to sell because of customer concerns over possible illicit trade in the past and reduced resale prices in the future. This paper proposes the term autoregulation to describe the phenomenon, and presents the results of several quantitative analyses designed to investigate its action.
Journal Article
Perceptions of Sustainability in Heritage Studies
With contribiutions Francesco Bandarin, Minja Yang and Mechthild Rössler This publication is the fourth in the Heritage Studies series and aims to reflect upon the many dimensions of sustainability and sustainable development within the Heritage Studies discourse.
eBook
FROM PARIS TO PONTDRIFT: UNESCO MEETINGS, MAPUNGUBWE AND MINING
This paper documents some recent international interludes in the Mapungubwe mining saga. Specifically, I outline the official position taken by South Africa at the 35th Session of the World Heritage Committee in Paris in 2011, with regard to decisions taken by UNESCO in 2010 pertaining to Mapungubwe's buffer zones and imminent threats from the Vele Colliery. This leads to a closer examination of the original site nomination and inscription in 2003 and how Coal of Africa (CoAL) have used debates over natural and cultural heritage to try to secure their advantage. Within South Africa, this episode calls for reflection on the status of archaeology within the current government, the prioritisation of development goals over cultural assets, and ultimately the continued shortfalls of archaeology, as both object and practice, at the World Heritage Site of Mapungubwe.
Journal Article
Understanding Heritage
The publication is the first in a new series on existing and innovative paradigms in Heritage Studies.The series aims at systematising and developing the academic discourse on heritage, which has yielded a wealth and breadth of contributions over the past few years.
eBook
Who killed the International Studies Conference?
This article considers the rise and fall of the first institution of international academic cooperation on international relations, the International Studies Conference (ISC), which was established in 1928 and continued activities into the 1950s. Its formation preceded by decades the present ISA as well as the international organisation of political scientists. The demise of the ISC was a result of the failings of the ISC itself, the influence of UNESCO especially its Department of Social Sciences, and the challenge posed to the ISC by the formation of the International Political Science Association.
Journal Article
Is human nature obsolete? : genetics, bioengineering, and the future of the human condition
As our scientific and technical abilities expand at breathtaking speeds, concern that modern genetics and bioengineering are leading us to a posthuman future is growing. Is Human Nature Obsolete? poses the overarching question of what it is to be human against the background of these current advances in biotechnology. Its perspective is philosophical and interdisciplinary rather than technical; the focus is on questions of fundamental ontological importance rather than the specifics of medical or scientific practice.The authors -- all distinguished scholars in their fields -- take on questions about technology's goals and values that are often ignored or sidelined in the face of rapid scientific advances and the highly specialized nature of technical knowledge. The essays included represent a rich variety of thought, ranging from finely nuanced philosophical and theological arguments to historical studies and cultural commentaries. Several explore the historical background of today's biotechnology: Timothy Casey traces such developments as the emergence of cybernetic humanity from Cartesian dualism, and Diane Paul presents the history of \"positive\" versus coerced eugenics. Jean Bethke Elshtain discusses cloning as a \"messianic project\" to perfect the body and exclude natural diversity -- giving as an example the elimination of Down Syndrome as an acceptable human type -- while Harold Baillie calls for an examination of the metaphysical roots of personhood. Robert Proctor finds no evidence in paleontology for any \"essence of humanity,\" and Tom Shannon argues against materialist reductionism. Addressing social concerns, Lisa Sowle Cahill finds the possibility of a political solution to the problems raised by genetic engineering in Catholic teachings on social justice, and Langdon Winner looks critically at the \"scientific enthusiasts of a posthuman future.\" Taken as a whole, the book provides a humanistic overview of a subject too often considered only in its technological aspect.
eBook