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"Uranium industry"
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Being nuclear : Africans and the global uranium trade
Hecht shows that questions about being nuclear - a state that she calls 'nuclearity' - lie at the heart of today's global nuclear order and the relationships between 'developing nations' and 'nuclear powers'. Nuclearity, she says, is not a straightforward scientific classification but a contested technopolitical one.
Book
Being Nuclear
Uranium from Africa has long been a major source of fuel for nuclear power and atomic weapons, including the bomb dropped on Hiroshima. In 2002, George W. Bush claimed that Saddam Hussein had \"sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" (later specified as the infamous \"yellowcake from Niger\"). Africa suddenly became notorious as a source of uranium, a component of nuclear weapons. But did that admit Niger, or any of Africa's other uranium-producing countries, to the select society of nuclear states? Does uranium itself count as a nuclear thing? In this book, Gabrielle Hecht lucidly probes the question of what it means for something--a state, an object, an industry, a workplace--to be \"nuclear.\" Hecht shows that questions about being nuclear--a state that she calls \"nuclearity\"--lie at the heart of today's global nuclear order and the relationships between \"developing nations\" (often former colonies) and \"nuclear powers\" (often former colonizers). Nuclearity, she says, is not a straightforward scientific classification but a contested technopolitical one.Hecht follows uranium's path out of Africa and describes the invention of the global uranium market. She then enters African nuclear worlds, focusing on miners and the occupational hazard of radiation exposure. Could a mine be a nuclear workplace if (as in some South African mines) its radiation levels went undetected and unmeasured? With this book, Hecht is the first to put Africa in the nuclear world, and the nuclear world in Africa. Doing so, she remakes our understanding of the nuclear age.
eBook
Correction: Zhao et al. Research on the Formation Conditions and Preventive Measures of Uranium Precipitates during the Service Process of Medical Isotope Production Reactors. Materials 2024, 17, 945
There were two errors in the original publication [...]
Journal Article
Nuclear Terrorism and Global Security
This book examines the prospects and challenges of a global phase-out of highly enriched uranium-and the risks of this material otherwise being used by terrorists to make atom bombs.
Terrorist groups, such as Al Qaeda, have demonstrated repeatedly that they seek to acquire nuclear weapons. Unbeknownst even to many security specialists, tons of bomb-grade uranium are trafficked legally each year for ostensibly peaceful purposes. If terrorists obtained even a tiny fraction of this bomb-grade uranium they could potentially construct a nuclear weapon like the one dropped on Hiroshima that killed tens of thousands.
Nuclear experts and policymakers have long known of this danger but - so far - have taken only marginal steps to address it. This volume begins by highlighting the lessons of past successes where bomb-grade uranium commerce has been eliminated, such as from Argentina's manufacture of medical isotopes. It then explores the major challenges that still lie ahead: for example, Russia's continued use of highly enriched uranium (HEU) in dozens of nuclear facilities. Each of the book's thirteen case studies offers advice for reducing HEU in a specific sector. These insights are then amalgamated into nine concrete policy recommendations for U.S. and world leaders to promote a global phase-out of bomb-grade uranium.
This book will be of much interest to students of nuclear proliferation, global governance, international relations and security studies.
eBook
Uranium Matters
Examines the impact of the Czechoslovak and East German uranium industries on local politics and on societies, particularly in the decade or so after the end of the Second World War. The Erzgebirge - the Ore Mountains - on the border of Czechoslovakia and East Germany of the time, was the oldest uranium mine in the world, whose important resources were badly needed for Stalin's atomic bomb.
eBook
Seasonal .sup.222Rn activity in spring water close to rare earth element and uranium mines in North Vietnam
.sup.222Rn is among the most important issues for radiation exposure in/near high background radiation areas such as near rare-earth-element (REE) and uranium mines in North Vietnam. Seasonal .sup.222Rn activity concentration in spring water was determined by RAD-7, with average ranges of 1270 ± 60-66,400 ± 2630 Bq m.sup.-3, therein the highest value was a REE, and the lowest a uranium mine. The .sup.222Rn activity concentration was higher in the dry season, which could be attributed to .sup.222Rn leaching to spring waters from nearby mines, and lower in the rainy season due to dilution by rain water. The .sup.222Rn annual effective doses were within permissible limits.
Journal Article
Estimation of radionuclides in the soil samples from the uranium mining zone of Sikar, Rajasthan, India
The presence of underlying uranium deposits may contaminate the upper soil of a region. We have carried out a detailed investigation of radionuclides (Ra, Th, and K) present in the soil around the reported uranium deposit site in the Sikar district of Rajasthan, India. Measurements are carried out using the state-of-the-art gamma-ray spectroscopy (HPGe detector) technique. The specific activity of
226
Ra,
232
Th, and
40
K are found in the range of 9.5 ± 0.5–50.6 ± 1.0 Bq kg
−1
, 11.0 ± 0.4–83.2 ± 1.5 Bq kg
−1
, and 177 ± 13–753 ± 47 Bq kg
−1
with the mean values of 17.8 ± 7.5 Bq kg
−1
, 22.6 ± 13.4 Bq kg
−1
, and 393 ± 76 Bq kg
−1
respectively. The average value of Ra Eq. activity is 80.4 Bq kg
−1
, below the recommended limit of 370 Bq kg
−1
. For radiological implications in the study area, the indoor and outdoor absorbed dose rates and age-dependent annual effective dose are estimated, which are also found below their prescribed safe limit values. The mean value of other hazard indices (H
in
and H
ex
) and level indices (I
α
and I
γ
) are less than unity. Our study shows that the underlying uranium deposits do not contaminate the soil of the studied area and the soil is safe to use for various purposes.
Journal Article
Experimental study on coupling characteristics of radon exhalation from surrounding rock of deep uranium mines
Considering the significant issue of radon contamination in deep uranium mining settings, an investigation was conducted on the mechanical-environmental coupling effects of various joint roughness coefficients (JRC), temperature (
T
), pressure differential (Δ
P
), water saturation degree (
K
w
), and ventilation intensity (
λ
v
) on the surface radon exhalation of quasi-uranium ore samples. This was accomplished through the utilization of a self-constructed rock radon coupling exhalation experimental device and quasi-uranium ore sample. The findings indicate that the radon concentration in the sample increases in a linear fashion with the duration of radon collection, irrespective of the sample’s temperature. Furthermore, the radon exhalation capacity of the sample exhibits an initial rise followed by a decline as the degree of water saturation increases. As the sample pressure differential increases, the radon exhalation capacity of the sample exhibits a monotonically decreasing pattern. The concentration of accumulated radon is inversely associated with the intensity of ventilation. The relationship between the radon exhalation ability of the sample and the JRC is generally manifested in the form of “first decreasing and then increasing”, and the maximum and minimum values of the radon exhalation ability occur in the cases of JRC = 16–18 and JRC = 6–8, respectively. The results of this study can provide scientific basis for the design of ventilation and radon control in future deep uranium mines.
Journal Article