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"Uranium ores"
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Mineralogy of uranium and thorium
\"For students of geology, this book offers a systematic overview of uranium and thorium minerals, which are known for their intense ultraviolet fluorescence and are critically important as our source of nuclear energy. Learn about the geochemical conditions that produce significant ore deposits and view more than 600 maps, structure diagrams, color photos, and electron micrographs. A web link allows readers to view the more than 130 crystal structures in three dimensions for a richer appreciation of their details. The minerals are arranged to emphasize how they fit into chemical groups, and a thorough description is provided for each mineral. Major occurrences of interest to mineral collectors are arranged geographically, with maps showing the important deposits in uranium-producing countries. With the resurgence of interest in nuclear power, this book will be invaluable to mineral collectors and exploration geologists as well as to nuclear scientists and engineers interested in radioactive deposits.\" --Book jacket.
Book
Characterization of arsenic oxidation and uranium bioremediation potential of arsenic resistant bacteria isolated from uranium ore
Arsenic (As) is often found naturally as the co-contaminant in the uranium (U)-contaminated area, obstructing the bioremediation process. Although the U-contaminated environment harbors microorganisms capable of interacting with U which could be exploited in bioremediation. However, they might be unable to perform with their full potential due to As toxicity. Therefore, potential in arsenic resistance and oxidation is greatly desired among the microorganisms for a continued bioremediation process. In this study, arsenic-resistant bacteria were isolated from U ore collected from Bundugurang U mine, characterized and their As oxidation and U removal potentials were determined. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed the affiliation of isolated bacteria with
Microbacterium
,
Micrococcus
,
Shinella
, and
Bacillus
. Except
Bacillus
sp. EIKU7,
Microbacterium
sp. EIKU5,
Shinella
sp. EIKU6, and
Micrococcus
sp. EIKU8 were found to resist more than 400 mM As(V); however, all the isolates could survive in 8 mM As(III). The isolates were found to readily oxidize As under different culture conditions and are also resistant towards Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, and Zn. All the isolates could remove more than 350 mg U/g dry cells within 48 h which were found to be highly dependent upon the concentration of U, biomass added initially, and on the time of exposure. Ability of the isolates to grow in nitrogen-free medium indicated that they can flourish in the nutrition deprived environment. Therefore, the recovery of isolates with the potent ability to resist and oxidize As from U ore might play an important role in toxic metal bioremediation including U.
Journal Article
Uranium geology of the Middle East and North Africa : resources, exploration and development program
Uranium Geology of the Middle East and North Africa demonstrates mining potential in the MENA region, with a special interest given to Uranium. The formation and origin of uranium deposits is of interest for uranium exploration and is necessary for the long-term sustainability of nuclear energy production. The book proposes a new classification system built on earlier classification with detailed new maps, explanatory diagrams, cross sections, helpful satellite images, etc. In addition, it explains why the occurrences, depositional and geological environments of uranium in the Middle East and North Africa vary from one country to another. Using various related recognition criteria, the book reports the potential uranium provinces in the Middle East and North Africa countries. The definition of these provinces is based on the existing geologic and tectonic settings, along with geochronological sequences and geochemical characteristics.
Book
Optimisation of uranium–radium co-leaching from uranium ore
To improve the utilisation of uranium resources while reducing the radioactive contamination of uranium slag by
226
Ra, the effects of various factors on uranium–radium co-leaching from uranium ore were investigated. For nitric acid agitation leaching, the optimal performance was achieved using 80 mesh ore in 4 mol L
−1
nitric acid at 40 °C for 4 h with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 3. Under these conditions, the uranium leaching rate was > 99% and the radium leaching rate was > 93% with standard deviations of < 0.04% and < 0.7%, respectively. Thus, this approach realises simultaneous uranium and radium leaching at high rates.
Journal Article
Experimental study on coupling characteristics of radon exhalation from surrounding rock of deep uranium mines
Considering the significant issue of radon contamination in deep uranium mining settings, an investigation was conducted on the mechanical-environmental coupling effects of various joint roughness coefficients (JRC), temperature (
T
), pressure differential (Δ
P
), water saturation degree (
K
w
), and ventilation intensity (
λ
v
) on the surface radon exhalation of quasi-uranium ore samples. This was accomplished through the utilization of a self-constructed rock radon coupling exhalation experimental device and quasi-uranium ore sample. The findings indicate that the radon concentration in the sample increases in a linear fashion with the duration of radon collection, irrespective of the sample’s temperature. Furthermore, the radon exhalation capacity of the sample exhibits an initial rise followed by a decline as the degree of water saturation increases. As the sample pressure differential increases, the radon exhalation capacity of the sample exhibits a monotonically decreasing pattern. The concentration of accumulated radon is inversely associated with the intensity of ventilation. The relationship between the radon exhalation ability of the sample and the JRC is generally manifested in the form of “first decreasing and then increasing”, and the maximum and minimum values of the radon exhalation ability occur in the cases of JRC = 16–18 and JRC = 6–8, respectively. The results of this study can provide scientific basis for the design of ventilation and radon control in future deep uranium mines.
Journal Article
Weak acid leaching of uranium ore from a high carbonate uranium deposit
Mineralogical study showed that the Yuejin uranium ore is from a low grade, high carbonate and high pyrite sandstone type uranium deposit. Uranium leaching rate, uranium speciation of leachate, leaching kinetics and precipitation analysis were investigated under the conditions of different acidity, liquid–solid ratio and H2O2 concentration. The test results showed that the weak acid leaching process can be used to develop high carbonate type uranium deposits, however, because of the high content of pyrite, other oxidants except high concentration H2O2 need to be considered.
Journal Article
Assessment of Rare Earth Elements Fractionation in Sandstone and Magmatic Uranium Ores: Implications for Deposit Typing
This paper presents a comparative determination of rare earth elements (REEs) in sandstone-type uranium ore samples from Kazakhstan using a proposed rapid ICP-MS method following microwave digestion in a MARS 6 system with a mixed acid solution of HNO3, HCl, and HF. To validate the rapid REE determination method, comparative measurements were performed using a certified uranium ore reference material provided by Ore Research & Exploration, representing sandstone-hosted uranium mineralization from a Tanzanian deposit (OREAS 120). Fractionation patterns of chondrite-normalized REEs in uranium ores from Kazakhstan were evaluated. Comparative data on REE distribution in sandstone- and magmatic-type uranium deposits from Australia and Tanzania are presented. Uranium ores of magmatic- and sandstone-hosted types exhibit distinct REE distribution patterns, reflecting differences in the nature of ore-forming processes. This study provides chondrite-normalized REE distribution profiles for major uranium deposit types from three countries, which are subsequently used to assess uranium ore paragenesis through simple linear regression analysis. This study is intended as an applied comparative synthesis of REE fractionation patterns in genetically contrasting uranium deposits, with particular relevance to deposit classification.
Journal Article
Parametric study of uranium ore acid leaching by percolation: experimental design, kinetic study and numerical modeling with the unreacted shrinking core model
This study investigates the percolation leaching of uranium from Tahaggart ore through an L8 Taguchi experimental design. The parameters selected in this study are: acid concentration (10–50 g L
−1
), heap height (23–30 cm), flow rate (0.55–1.55 mL min
−1
), and liquid-to-solid ratio (1.15–1.42). Taguchi optimization revealed that sulfuric acid concentration at 50 g L
−1
and flow rate at 0.55 mL min
−1
were the two most significant factors that contribute favorably to process robustness, with a signal-to-noise of 36.03 dB and 35.6 dB, respectively. Response surface analysis achieved 89% leaching efficiency under optimal conditions (50 g L
−1
, 23 cm, 0.55 mL min
−1
, 1.15). The unreacted shrinking core model indicated that ash layer diffusion governs the kinetics with spherical particle geometries assumption.
Journal Article
High flow-rate pre-leaching of low-grade uranium ore: gypsum reduction
Currently, a widely accepted solution to reduce gypsum precipitation in acid leaching of low-grade uranium ore has not yet been identified. This study aims to delve into the impact of different flow rates on gypsum precipitation in ore through column leaching experiments. Complementary methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize slag samples. The results indicate that as the flow rate surged from 63.69 Lh
−1
m
−2
to a whopping 254.76 Lh
−1
m
−2
, the gypsum content and types in the slag decreased gradually. This can be attributed to two factors: (1) the elevation of flow rates maintains the ore heap in a lower pH environment, promoting the conversion of SO
4
2−
to HSO
4
−
; (2) higher flow rates contribute to increased ore heap porosity, providing more migration pathways for solutions containing high concentrations of Ca
2+
, SO
4
2−
, and HSO
4
−
, thus facilitating the separation of gypsum from the ore. This study affirms the feasibility of employing high-flow pre-leaching to address gypsum clogging issues, offering a new perspective for acid pre-leaching.
Journal Article