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"Urbanisation"
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Dynamics of an urban Chimney Swift roost system during autumn migration/Dinamica de un sistema urbano de dormideros del vencejo Chaetura pelagica durante la migration de otono
Although urbanization can lead to habitat loss and biodiversity decline, it has also helped certain declining species recover by providing resources such as food or shelter. Chimney Swifts (Chaetura pelagica) are migratory aerial insectivores that adapted to use masonry chimneys as nesting and communal roosting sites after European colonization and subsequent widespread forest loss. These structures are now becoming obsolete and are being removed or capped, which again threatens the habitat availability for this declining species. In this study, we describe the autumn roosting dynamics of a system of urban roost sites in Asheville, North Carolina, USA, a fast-growing mid-sized city situated in the central Atlantic migratory flyway. Using historical community science records, we first compiled a list of chimneys within city limits that were known to be used as communal roosting sites during the autumn roosting season. We measured physical and environmental characteristics of these chimneys and related them to current and historical patterns of roost use. We found that a combination of chimney height and limited tree canopy cover within 50 m of the chimney explained much of the variation in maximum roost size. In the autumn of 2020, we surveyed most of these sites, many of them several times throughout the season, to understand site-specific use, timing, and roost size during the migration season. Roost sites were used sequentially rather than concurrently throughout the migration season: some roosts formed and dissipated early in the study period, other roosts did not form until later in the season and were larger than the earlier roosts, and some were occupied continuously until the last swifts departed the study area. Our study shows that (1) post-breeding and migratory swifts may choose communal roost sites based on certain characteristics, and (2) these roost sites may serve different roles for different populations of swifts during the autumn migration season, which has conservation implications for this declining species. Received 3 August 2021. Accepted 26 February 2022.
Journal Article
The end of the village : planning the urbanization of rural China
\"How China's expansive new era of urbanization threatens to undermine the foundations of rural life. Centered on the mountainous region of Chongqing, which serves as an experimental site for the country's new urban development policies, The End of the Village analyzes the radical expansion of urbanization and its consequences for China's villagers. Offering an unprecedented look at the country's contentious shift in urban planning and policy, Nick R. Smith exposes the precarious future of rural life in China and suggests a critical reappraisal of how we think about urbanization.\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Correction to: Nonnegligible cascading impacts of global urban expansion on net primary productivity
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae220.].
Journal Article
Urbanization Level in Chinese Counties: Imbalance Pattern and Driving Force
Urbanization level is a key indicator for socioeconomic development and policy making, but the measurement data and methods need to be discussed further due to the limitation of a single index and the availability and accuracy of statistical data. China is urbanizing rapidly, but the urbanization level at the county scale remains a mystery due to its complexity and lack of unified and effective measurement indicators. In this paper, we proposed a new urbanization index to measure the Chinese urbanization level at the county scale by integrating population, land, and economic factors; by fusing remote sensing data and traditional demographic data, we investigated the multi-dimensional unbalanced development patterns and the driving mechanism from 1995 to 2015. Results indicate that: The average comprehensive urbanization level at the Chinese county scale has increased from 31.06% in 1995 to 45.23% in 2015, and the urbanization level in the permanent population may overestimate China’s urbanization process. There were significant but different spatial and temporal dynamic patterns in population, land, and economic levels as well as at a comprehensive urbanization level. The comprehensive urbanization level shows the pattern of being high in the south-east and low in the north-west, divided by “Hu line”. The urbanization of registered populations presents high in the northern border and the eastern coastal areas, which is further strengthened over time. Economic urbanization based on lighting data presents high in the east and low in the west. Land urbanization based on remote sensing data shows high in the south and low in the north. The registered population urbanization level is lower than economic and land urbanization. County urbanization was driven by large population size, reasonable industrial structure, and strong government capacity; 38% and 59% of urbanization levels can be regarded as the key nodes of the urbanization process. When the urbanization rate is lower than 38%, the secondary industry plays a strong role in powering urbanization; when the urbanization rate is higher than 38% but less than 59%, the promotion effect of the tertiary industry is more obvious, and the secondary industry is gradually weakened. When the urbanization rate exceeds 59%, the tertiary industry becomes the major driver.
Journal Article
Study on the Status of Urbanization Development and the Change of Cultivated Land Area in Nanjing
The urbanization rate of Nanjing has increased in the past 55 years. Its development process can be roughly divided into the reverse urbanization phase, the stagnant development phase, the recovery development phase, the steady development phase, and the accelerated development phase. The area of cultivated land has a decreasing trend at each stage. In 1971 and beyond, urbanization development had a significant negative effect on the area of cultivated land, and the coordination between the two was not high and there was a downward trend.
Journal Article
Locating Right to the City in the Global South
Despite the fact that virtually all urban growth is occurring, and will continue to occur, in the cities of the Global South, the conceptual tools used to study cities are distilled disproportionately from research on the highly developed cities of the Global North. With urban inequality widely recognized as central to many of the most pressing challenges facing the world, there is a need for a deeper understanding of cities of the South on their own terms.
Locating Right to the City in the Global South marks an innovative and far reaching effort to document and make sense of urban transformations across a range of cities, as well as the conflicts and struggles for social justice these are generating. The volume contains empirically rich, theoretically informed case studies focused on the social, spatial, and political dimensions of urban inequality in the Global South. Drawing from scholars with extensive fieldwork experience, this volume covers sixteen cities in fourteen countries across a belt stretching from Latin America, to Africa and the Middle East, and into Asia. Central to what binds these cities are deeply rooted, complex, and dynamic processes of social and spatial division that are being actively reproduced. These cities are not so much fracturing as they are being divided by governance practices informed by local histories and political contestation, and refracted through or infused by market based approaches to urban development. Through a close examination of these practices and resistance to them, this volume provides perspectives on neoliberalism and right to the city that advance our understanding of urbanism in the Global South.
In mapping the relationships between space, politics and populations, the volume draws attention to variations shaped by local circumstances, while simultaneously elaborating a distinctive transnational Southern urbanism. It provides indepth research on a range of practical and policy oriented i
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