Explore the vast range of titles available.

Valence tuning of transition metal oxides is an effective approach to design high‐performance catalysts, particularly for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) that underpins solar/electric water splitting and metal‐air batteries. Recently, high‐valence oxides (HVOs) are reported to show superior OER performance, in association with the fundamental dynamics of charge transfer and the evolution of the intermediates. Particularly considered are the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and the lattice oxygen‐mediated mechanism (LOM). High‐valence states enhance the OER performance mainly by optimizing the eg‐orbital filling, promoting the charge transfer between the metal d band and oxygen p band. Moreover, HVOs usually show an elevated O 2p band, which triggers the lattice oxygen as the redox center and enacts the efficient LOM pathway to break the “scaling” limitation of AEM. In addition, oxygen vacancies, induced by the overall charge‐neutrality, also promote the direct oxygen coupling in LOM. However, the synthesis of HVOs suffers from relatively large thermodynamic barrier, which makes their preparation difficult. Hence, the synthesis strategies of the HVOs are discussed to guide further design of the HVO electrocatalysts. Finally, further challenges and perspectives are outlined for potential applications in energy conversion and storage. High valence oxides of transition metals represent an emerging group of valence‐engineered catalysts, capable of offering very high catalytic activity and stability. The mechanisms of such “unconventional” characteristics and their synthesis strategies are discussed here. The case for oxygen evolution reaction is reviewed to guide effective development of the catalytic structures for water‐splitting hydrogen generation and metal‐air batteries.

Based on a description of bond valence as a function of valence electron density, a systematic bond softness sensitive approach to determine bond-valence parameters and related quantities such as coordination numbers is elaborated and applied to determine bond-valence parameters for 706 cation–anion pairs. While the approach is closely related to the earlier softBV parameter set, the new softNC1 parameters proposed in this work may be simpler to apply in plausibility checks of crystal structures, as they follow the first coordination shell convention. The performance of this softNC1 bond-valence parameter set is compared with that of the previously derived softBV parameter set that also factors in contributions from higher coordination shells, and with a benchmarking parameter set that has been optimized following the conventional choice of a universal value of the bond-valence parameter b . The results show that a systematic adaptation of the bond-valence parameters to the bond softness leads to a significant improvement in the bond-valence parameters, particularly for bonds involving soft anions, and is safer than individual free refinements of both R 0 and b from a limited number of reference cation environments.

Purpose Artificial intelligence (AI) fosters economic growth and opens up new directions for innovation. However, the diffusion of AI proceeds very slowly and falls behind, especially in comparison to other technologies. An important path leading to better adoption rates identified is trust-building. Particular requirements for trust and their relevance for AI adoption are currently insufficiently addressed.Design/methodology/approachTo close this gap, the authors follow a qualitative approach, drawing on the extended valence framework by assessing semi-structured interviews with experts from various companies.FindingsThe authors contribute to research by finding several subcategories for the three main trust dimensions ability, integrity and benevolence, thereby revealing fundamental differences for building trust in AI compared to more traditional technologies. In particular, the authors find access to knowledge, transparency, explainability, certification, as well as self-imposed standards and guidelines to be important factors that increase overall trust in AI.Originality/valueThe results show how the valence framework needs to be elaborated to become applicable to the AI context and provide further structural orientation to better understand AI adoption intentions. This may help decision-makers to identify further requirements or strategies to increase overall trust in their AI products, creating competitive and operational advantage.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of inhibiting, motivating, and technological factors on users’ intention to participate in the sharing economy. Design/methodology/approach A self-reported online survey was conducted among Uber users in Hong Kong. A total of 295 valid responses were collected. The research model was empirically tested using the structural equation modeling technique. Findings The results suggested that perceived risks, perceived benefits, trust in the platform, and perceived platform qualities were significant predictors of users’ intention to participate in Uber. Research limitations/implications This study bridged the research gaps in the sharing economy literature by examining the effects of perceived risks, perceived benefits, and trust in the platform on users’ intention to participate in the sharing economy. Moreover, this study enriched the extended valence framework by incorporating perceived platform qualities into the research model, responding to the calls for the inclusion of technological variables in information systems research. Practical implications The findings provided practitioners with insights into enhancing users’ intention to participate in the sharing economy. Originality/value This study presented one of the first attempts to systematically examine the effects of inhibiting, motivating, and technological factors on users’ intention to participate in the sharing economy.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability in affective regulation that can result in a loss of cognitive control. Triggers may be neuronal responses to emotionally valenced context and/or stimuli. 'Neuronal priming' indexes the familiarity of stimuli, and may capture the obligatory effects of affective valence on the brain's processing system, and how such valence mediates responses to the repeated presentation of stimuli. We investigated the effects of affective valence of stimuli on neuronal priming (i.e. changes in activation to repeated presentation of stimuli), and if these effects distinguished BPD patients from controls. Forty BPD subjects and 25 control subjects (age range: 18-44) participated in an episodic memory task during fMRI. Stimuli were presented in alternating epochs of encoding (six images of positive, negative, and neutral valence) and recognition (six images for 'old' 'new' recognition). Analyses focused on inter-group differences in the to repeated stimuli (presented during Encoding and Recognition). Relative to controls, BPD showed greater priming (generally greater from encoding to recognition) for valenced stimuli. Conversely, BPD showed less priming for valenced stimuli (generally greater increase from encoding to recognition). Plausibly, the relative familiarity of negative valence to patients with BPD exerts an influence on obligatory responses to repeated stimuli leading to repetition priming of neuronal profiles. The specific effects of valence on memory and/or attention, and consequently on priming can inform the understanding of mechanisms of altered salience for affective stimuli in BPD.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, growth in citizen engagement with social media platforms has enabled public health departments to accelerate and improve health information dissemination, developing transparency and trust between governments and citizens. In light of these benefits, it is imperative to learn the antecedents and underlying mechanisms for this to maintain and enhance engagement. The aim of this study is to determine the factors and influencing mechanisms related to citizen engagement with the TikTok account of the National Health Commission of China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a web crawler, 355 short videos were collected from the Healthy China account on TikTok (with more than 3 million followers throughout China), covering the period from January 21, 2020, to April 25, 2020. The title and video length, as well as the number of likes, shares, and comments were collected for each video. After classifying them using content analysis, a series of negative binomial regression analyses were completed. Among the 355 videos, 154 (43.4%) related to guidance for clinicians, patients, and ordinary citizens, followed by information concerning the government's handling of the pandemic (n=100, 28.2%), the latest news about COVID-19 (n=61, 17.2%), and appreciation toward frontline emergency services (n=40, 11.3%). Video length, titles, dialogic loop, and content type all influenced the level of citizen engagement. Specifically, video length was negatively associated with the number of likes (incidence rate ratio [IRR]=0.19, P<.001) and comments (IRR=0.39, P<.001). Title length was positively related to the number of shares (IRR=24.25, P=.01), likes (IRR=8.50, P=.03), and comments (IRR=7.85, P=.02). Dialogic loop negatively predicted the number of shares (IRR=0.56, P=.03). In comparison to appreciative information, information about the government's handling of the situation (IRR=5.16, P<.001) and guidelines information (IRR=7.31, P<.001) were positively correlated with the number of shares, while the latest news was negatively related to the number of likes received (IRR=0.46, P=.004). More importantly, the relationship between predictors and citizen engagement was moderated by the emotional valence of video titles. Longer videos with positive titles received a higher number of likes (IRR=21.72, P=.04) and comments (IRR=10.14, P=.047). Furthermore, for short videos related to government handling of the pandemic (IRR=14.48, P=.04) and guidance for stakeholders (IRR=7.59, P=.04), positive titles received a greater number of shares. Videos related to the latest news (IRR=66.69, P=.04) received more likes if the video title displayed higher levels of positive emotion. During the COVID-19 pandemic, videos were frequently published on government social media platforms. Video length, title, dialogic loop, and content type significantly influenced the level of citizen engagement. These relationships were moderated by the emotional valence of the video's title. Our findings have implications for maintaining and enhancing citizen engagement via government social media.

Altermagnetism represents an emergent collinear magnetic phase with compensated order and an unconventional alternating even-parity wave spin order in the non-relativistic band structure. We investigate directly this unconventional band splitting near the Fermi energy through spin-integrated soft X-ray angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The experimentally obtained angle-dependent photoemission intensity, acquired from epitaxial thin films of the predicted altermagnet CrSb, demonstrates robust agreement with the corresponding band structure calculations. In particular, we observe the distinctive splitting of an electronic band on a low-symmetry path in the Brilliouin zone that connects two points featuring symmetry-induced degeneracy. The measured large magnitude of the spin splitting of approximately 0.6 eV and the position of the band just below the Fermi energy underscores the significance of altermagnets for spintronics based on robust broken time reversal symmetry responses arising from exchange energy scales, akin to ferromagnets, while remaining insensitive to external magnetic fields and possessing THz dynamics, akin to antiferromagnets. The fundamental hallmark of altermagnetism lies in the spin splitting of electronic valence bands. Here, the authors observe splitting in metallic CrSb, revealing an exceptionally large value and energetic placement just below the Fermi energy.

Constructing S-scheme heterojunctions proves proficient in achieving the spatial separation of potent photogenerated charge carriers for their participation in photoreactions. Nonetheless, the restricted contact areas between two phases within S-scheme heterostructures lead to inefficient interfacial charge transport, resulting in low photocatalytic efficiency from a kinetic perspective. Here, In 2 O 3 /Nb 2 O 5 S-scheme heterojunctions are fabricated through a straightforward one-step electrospinning technique, enabling intimate contact between the two phases and thereby fostering ultrafast interfacial electron transfer (<10 ps), as analyzed via femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. As a result, powerful photo-electrons and holes accumulate in the Nb 2 O 5 conduction band and In 2 O 3 valence band, respectively, exhibiting extended long lifetimes and facilitating their involvement in subsequent photoreactions. Combined with the efficient chemisorption and activation of stable CO 2 on the Nb 2 O 5 , the resulting In 2 O 3 /Nb 2 O 5 hybrid nanofibers demonstrate improved photocatalytic performance for CO 2 conversion. In 2 O 3 /Nb 2 O 5 S-scheme heterojunctions fabricated via a one-step electrospinning technique facilitate contact between two phases, fostering ultrafast interfacial electron transfer to prolong lifetimes and improve CO 2 photoreduction performance.

The purpose of this research is to assess the impact of trust, when balanced with risk and benefit, on consumer intention to adopt mobile payment systems. A research model is created to assess intent based on perceived trust, along with three antecedents – privacy, security, and familiarity – and packaged with an extended valence framework that takes into account the opposing notions of perceived risk and perceived benefit. Following a pilot study of 76 participants, data is collected from a survey of 234 respondents and is analyzed using consistent Partial Least Squares (PLSc). Results indicate that perceived benefit and perceived trust are the most important influences on the intention to use mobile payment systems, and that the perceived risk of using mobile payment systems has little or no impact on intention to use. The risk result is explained by motivational avoidance theory and institutional dependence.

Whereas the ability to prioritize important information in memory remains preserved with age, it is still unclear how subjective value may interact with emotional valence to impact memory. The present study examined the interaction of value and valence in memory selectivity among younger and older adults. A sample of 24 younger (aged 17-29; 20.13 ± 2.54) and 24 older adults (aged 65-79, 70.13 ± 4.47) ranked valenced (positive and negative) and neutral words based on their subjectively perceived value/importance for memory. They then completed a value-directed remembering task, studying the same set of words paired with their assigned values, with a goal to maximize value points accrued in a subsequent word free recall task. Next, they completed a cued recall for values assigned to the words. Mixed-model analyses of variance were conducted on value assignment, word free recall, and cued value recall performance. Positive words were assigned a higher value/importance than negative or neutral words. Items assigned a higher value were better recalled and likely to be recalled first, an effect that tends to be larger for older than younger adults. Older adults generally face specific challenges recalling schema-inconsistent high values originally assigned to negative words, an effect absent in younger adults. The results suggested that valence can direct value assignment and, in turn, interact with the assigned value to guide memory selectivity. Relative to younger adults, older adults appear more likely to rely on a \"positive is more valuable than negative\" schema to guide value retrieval. Si la capacité à hiérarchiser les informations importantes en mémoire semble préservée avec l'âge, le rôle de la valeur subjective et de sa possible interaction avec la valence émotionnelle sur la mémoire reste à clarifier. La présente étude a examiné l'interaction de la valeur et de la valence dans la sélectivité de la mémoire chez des adultes plus jeunes et plus âgés. Un échantillon de 24 adultes plus jeunes (âgés de 17 à 29 ans; 20,13 ± 2,54) et de 24 adultes plus âgés (âgés de 65 à 79 ans, 70,13 ± 4,47) ont classé des mots à valence positive, négative et neutre selon la valeur ou l'importance qu'ils leur attribuaient subjectivement pour la mémoire. Ils ont ensuite effectué une tâche de mémorisation axée sur la valeur, en étudiant la même série de mots associés à leur valeur, dans le but de maximiser les points de valeur accumulés lors d'une tâche ultérieure de rappel libre de mots. Ensuite, ils ont effectué un rappel indicé des valeurs attribuées aux mots. Des analyses de variance à modèle mixte ont été réalisées sur les performances en matière d'attribution de valeurs, de rappel libre de mots et de rappel de valeurs. Des mots à connotation positive se voyaient attribuer une valeur/importance supérieure à celle des mots négatifs ou neutres. Les éléments ayant une valeur plus élevée étaient mieux retenus et rappelés plus tôt, un effet qui se manifeste davantage chez les adultes plus âgés que chez les plus jeunes. Les adultes plus âgés rencontrent généralement des difficultés particulières à se souvenir des valeurs élevées incohérentes avec le schéma, initialement attribuées aux mots à connotation négative, un effet qui était absent chez les adultes plus jeunes. Les résultats suggèrent que la valence peut orienter l'attribution de valeur et, à son tour, interagir avec la valeur attribuée pour guider la sélectivité de la mémoire. Par rapport aux adultes plus jeunes, les adultes plus âgés semblent plus susceptibles de s'appuyer sur un schéma selon lequel « le positif est plus précieux que le négatif » pour orienter la récupération des valeurs. Public Significance Statement The results suggest that emotional valence can direct and interact with subjectively perceived value to further guide memory selectivity to prioritize more valuable information among younger and older adults. Importantly, the results suggest that older adults' memory representation is shaped by such a schema as \"positive is more valuable than negative.\" Goal-directed memory may inform the development of age-appropriate learning/memory strategies.