Explore the vast range of titles available.

The economic and social-cultural impacts of events are well documented in the existing events literature. The emergence of quality of life (QOL), well-being and happiness in the positive psychology literature has accelerated research on events and individuals’ subjective well-being (SWB). Taking a narrative synthesis approach, this study identifies a total of 46 peer reviewed journal articles on SWB and events and reviews how SWB has been discussed and investigated in the events context. The results of this study reveal three key approaches to SWB and events. The first approach takes SWB as synonymous with the benefits and impacts of events. The second approach examines SWB in terms of its relationship with the motivations and satisfaction of event participants and local residents. The final approach to SWB examines the relationship between SWB and the event (including festivalscape) experience. The review findings also identify areas of potential weakness in the existing literature. The existing event studies relating to SWB primarily focus on sporting events, with only a few festivals, are often undertaken from a Western perspective, and generally rely on quantitative approaches. More importantly, the extant event literature appears to use the SWB concept loosely without agreement on its structure or key components. Suggestions for future research lie in further conceptualisation of SWB in the events context with validated measurement tools and conceptual models, and closer examination of the causal relationship between event (experience) and levels of SWB.

The economic and social-cultural impacts of events are well documented in the existing events literature. The emergence of quality of life (QOL), well-being, and happiness in the positive psychology literature has accelerated research on events and individuals' subjective well-being (SWB). Taking a narrative synthesis approach, this study identifies a total of 46 peer-reviewed journal articles on SWB and events and reviews how SWB has been discussed and investigated in the events context. The results of this study reveal three key approaches to SWB and events. The first approach takes SWB as synonymous with the benefits and impacts of events. The second approach examines SWB in terms of its relationship with the motivations and satisfaction of event participants and local residents. The final approach to SWB examines the relationship between SWB and the event (including festivalscape) experience. The review findings also identify areas of potential weakness in the existing literature. The existing event studies relating to SWB primarily focus on sporting events, with only a few festivals, are often undertaken from a Western perspective, and generally rely on quantitative approaches. More importantly, the extant event literature appears to use the SWB concept loosely without agreement on its structure or key components. Suggestions for future research lie in further conceptualization of SWB in the events context with validated measurement tools and conceptual models, and closer examination of the causal relationship between event (experience) and levels of SWB.

Sybil attack can counterfeit traffic scenario by sending false messages with multiple identities, which often causes traffic jams and even leads to vehicular accidents in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). It is very difficult to be defended and detected, especially when it is launched by some conspired attackers using their legitimate identities. In this paper, we propose an event based reputation system (EBRS), in which dynamic reputation and trusted value for each event are employed to suppress the spread of false messages. EBRS can detect Sybil attack with fabricated identities and stolen identities in the process of communication, it also defends against the conspired Sybil attack since each event has a unique reputation value and trusted value. Meanwhile, we keep the vehicle identity in privacy. Simulation results show that EBRS is able to defend and detect multi-source Sybil attacks with high performances.

Destination image influences the decision-making process and conditions the after-decision-making behaviors of tourists. Events can be image maker and branding driver for destinations, and a good portfolio with diversified events benefits the destination image and is a viable form of sustainable tourism development. This study investigates the role of event types in influencing the destination image perceptions among tourists. In particular, event types (sporting events vs. food festivals) are hypothesized to moderate the relationships between perceived event value and destination image. Macao is chosen as the study context, where the destination marketing organization (DMO) relies much on planned events to diversify the image of the world's gaming center. The findings from a sample of 490 event tourists show that the perceived values of the two studied events have different magnitude of effects on the destination image, which further has a significant effect on tourists' destination loyalty intention. Results of the study have implications for the strategic planning and management of event portfolio for destinations trying to leverage marketing impacts and tourism gains from different events. The study aims to contribute to event tourism literature, especially in the areas of event leveraging and portfolio management, by providing empirical evidence on regional and local events.

Destination image influences the decision-making process and conditions the after-decision-making behaviors of tourists. Events can be image maker and branding driver for destinations; and a good portfolio with diversified events benefits the destination image and is a viable form of sustainable tourism development. This study investigates the role of event types in influencing the destination image perceptions among tourists. In particular, event types (sporting events vs. food festivals) are hypothesized to moderate the relationships between perceived event value and destination image. Macao is chosen as the study context, where the destination marketing organization (DMO) relies much on planned events to diversify the image of the world’s gaming center. The findings from a sample of 490 event tourists show that the perceived values of the two studied events have different magnitude of effects on the destination image, which further has a significant effect on tourists’ destination loyalty intention. Results of the study have implications for the strategic planning and management of event portfolio for destinations trying to leverage marketing impacts and tourism gains from different events. The study aims to contribute to event tourism literature, especially in the areas of event leveraging and portfolio management, by providing empirical evidence on regional and local events.

Purpose>This paper explores event value from the perspective of policy stakeholders and discusses potential implications of this stakeholder group's perceptions of value on event policy, event evaluation and the public discourse on the value of events.Design/methodology/approach>A thematic analysis is employed to analyze nine interviews from respondents who were deemed to fit the study criteria in the case of Östersund, Sweden.Findings>Findings indicate that value is portrayed in largely economic terms or in proxy-economic terms even though the respondents expressed awareness and concern for social aspects of value. Moreover, the article highlights the glaring omission of the relationship between policy stakeholders and the nature of evaluation efforts in the industry and academia.Originality/value>The article addresses a still somewhat unexplored dynamics between influential policy stakeholders and how events are regarded in terms of their potential contribution to community development. To what degree does the way the events sector and the general public value events emanate from the way events have been instrumentalized in policy throughout history?

Studies looking at how millions of people attending exhibition events evaluate these events have identified many event characteristics. Using Means-End Chain Theory we categorize them into an overarching inputs-processes-outputs-outcomes model. Focusing on value-in-use as an end outcome, we devise a new measure of non-economic exhibition value using a multimethod set of studies. Study 1 uses qualitative interviews to identify the outcomes attendees value. Study 2 develops a scale for measuring the eight value dimensions, which include new values (e.g., inspirational value), unmeasured values (e.g., self-esteem), and underexplored values (e.g., social vs. relationship value). Study 3 deploys this scale across a series of exhibitions to predict 43%-61% of event satisfaction, loyalty, and word of mouth. The new model adds conceptual clarity to exhibition characteristics, and the new scale enhances the accountability and importance of exhibitions.

Studies looking at how millions of people attending exhibition events evaluate these events have identified many event characteristics. Using Means-End Chain Theory we categorise them into an overarching inputs–processes–outputs–outcomes model. Focusing on value-in-use as an end outcome, we devise a new measure of non-economic exhibition value using a multimethod set of studies. Study 1 uses qualitative interviews to identify the outcomes attendees value. Study 2 develops a scale for measuring the eight value dimensions, which include new values (e.g., inspirational value), unmeasured values (e.g., self-esteem) and under-explored values (e.g., social vs relationship value). Study 3 deploys this scale across a series of exhibitions to predict 43–61% of event satisfaction, loyalty, and word of mouth. The new model adds conceptual clarity to exhibition characteristics, and the new scale enhances the accountability and importance of exhibitions.

PurposeThis exploratory study seeks to understand whether an arts event designed with/by/for disabled people (the InterACT Disability Arts Festival in New Zealand) has the potential to create revolutionary futures, defined as those which help determine new paths, make the future less fearsome and allow more positive outcomes.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach was taken in this study. Interviews were carried out with ten disabled event attendees, two support workers, one family member, four event volunteers, two activity providers and the main event organiser of the 2019 festival. Active participant observation was also used to collect data. Deductive thematic analysis was used to determine themes and subthemes in the material.FindingsThe findings suggest the case study arts event does help to create revolutionary futures for disabled attendees through disrupting the narratives of disability, making sense of lives lived and changing lives yet to be lived.Research limitations/implicationsLimited windows of opportunity were available to interact with attendees, and just 17 in-the-moment interviews were conducted. However, the findings still have value as data saturation was reached. A “revolutionary futures” conceptual framework is presented to understand the nexus between disability worlds and events and thus amplify the benefits for attendees.Originality/valueResearch carried out to date has provided much-needed understanding about the challenges facing disabled people at events, but this study turns this deficit approach around to focus on the opportunities provided by event participation.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the paradigm shift towards event design predominant research by presenting an analysis of how the concept of event design has developed in the events literature and by exploring a new perspective based on its contribution to value co-creation. Design/methodology/approach Theory from design management and service design is discussed to provide insights on the role of event design as contributing to the creation of value in social systems. Findings A new framework for categorising the role of event design is proposed, called the Event Design Ladder. Event design is no longer considered as a problem solving activity, but as a contributor to value creation and an ongoing pursuit carried out over time and space. Stakeholders become co-designers of value systems. Research limitations/implications Service design and design management literature offer interesting potential for event researchers to advance the conceptualisation of event design. Considering events as platforms for long-term stakeholder engagement implies that the concept of design becomes strategic. Design as strategy is identified as a new area of event research. Originality/value This paper proposes a new perspective on events considered as catalysts of value systems, where the role of design is not only to orchestrate meaningful experiences but to facilitate collaboration across projects, integrating resources and building on stakeholders’ skills and knowledge. Theories of practice are explored as a way to theorise and carry out research on how value is co-created by actors.