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Moral awareness is an important foundation in ethical decisionmaking, especially for adolescents who are in conflict with the law. This study aims to examine the factors that contribute to moral awareness in juvenile offenders through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A total of 10 scientific articles from the 2015–2024 range were analyzed based on the PRISMA method. The results of the study identified three main groups of factors that affect adolescents’ moral awareness, namely: (1) individual factors such as moral cognitive development, emotional regulation, and personal values; (2) family factors, including parenting patterns, the quality of parent-child relationships, and the family’s emotional environment; and (3) social and environmental factors such as peer influence, school environment, and socioeconomic conditions. These findings suggest that the formation of moral awareness in adolescents is the result of the complex interaction of these various factors. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of a holistic approach in efforts to prevent juvenile delinquency and the development of interventions that support the formation of healthy moral character.

In the last three decades there has been ample research to demonstrate that instituting Multisystemic Therapy for serious juvenile offenders, keeping them in the community with intensive intervention, can significantly reduce recidivism. When there is recidivism, it is less severe than in released incarcerated juveniles. Multisystemic Therapy provides 24 h available parental guidance, family therapy, individual therapy, group therapy, educational support and quite importantly a change of peer group. In New York City, there is the new mandate through the Juvenile Justice Initiative to implement interventions to keep juvenile offenders in the community rather than sending them to be incarcerated. However, this paper aims to examine how teaching prosocial values in early childhood can reduce the incidence of first-time juvenile delinquency. Programs such as the Perry School Project will be discussed to demonstrate that although somewhat expensive, these innovative programs nonetheless are quite cost-effective as the cost to society of adjudication, incarceration and victim damages are significantly greater. Along with teaching prosocial 0020 values, there has been renewed interest in early identification of youth at risk for developing Antisocial Personality Disorder. An update is given on the status of both promising approaches in early intervention to prevent serious juvenile delinquency and hence adult criminality.

We present results of an evaluation of Reading for Life (RFL), a diversion program for nonviolent juvenile offenders in a medium-sized Midwestern county. The unique program uses philosophical virtue theory, works of literature, and small mentoring groups to foster moral development in juvenile offenders. Participants were randomly assigned to RFL treatment or a comparison program of community service. The RFL program generated large and statistically significant drops in future arrests. The program was particularly successful at reducing the recidivism of more serious offenses and for those groups with the highest propensity for future offenses.

Yogyakarta is a part of Javanese society. Javanese culture, which always enforces moral values, has a practical implication toward adolescents' views about their self-identity. Yogyakarta adolescents are well known to have positive self-identity, good behavior, and tend to become successful persons in their youth. In the past years, a phenomenon of youth gangs that often conduct irresponsible acts such as brawls, stabbing terror, and even murder has emerged. The question of the research is how adolescent members of a youth gang give meaning to their involvement in a youth gang. To answer the question, we used a phenomenological research method. We employed a modified Colaizzi method as defined by Moustakas (1994) to analyze the data. The participants of the research are adolescents with criteria as follows: coming from the Javanese family, living in Yogyakarta, a high school student, a member of a youth gang, had been involved in law violation. The research results show that Javanese adolescents, members of a youth gang, value their involvement in the gang as a means of showing their self-existence because the gang is the only place that provides wiggle room to express themselves, adolescents failed to construct values about self-existence, and also they lacked appreciation from their closest people and their environment.

Purpose The “Picture This, Picture Me” research project enabled young people who have experience of a parent in prison to challenge the narrow narrative of “prisoners’ children” by sharing their wider sense of identities and their needs. This paper aims to show the value of specialised voluntary sector support groups for children with a parent in prison as well as demonstrate that parental imprisonment, whilst significant, is only one part of their story. Design/methodology/approach Children’s experiences are explored through expressive and creative research methods informed by photovoice research, including taking and responding to photos and caption writing, short conversational interviews and curation of artefacts. Findings Children’s perspectives are presented: what matters to them, what makes them happy, how do they perceive themselves beyond the label of “a prisoner’s child”, how do community-based support services help and what they would like people to know about children who have been impacted by parental imprisonment. Research limitations/implications This research contributes to an emerging research area on the role of services from the community and voluntary sector and non-formal educational organisations that support children impacted by parental imprisonment at a personal and family level. Practical implications This research offers useful knowledge to professionals, including those in education, children’s services and non-formal community-based services, with an interest in holistically supporting children and families with a relative in prison. Social implications Children’s insights are offered on the value of peer-to-peer and community-based interventions that support them holistically, including articulating their self-identity, life and educational aspirations and practical issues for families. Originality/value There is minimal research on including and hearing the voices of children who have a family member in prison and their perspectives are invaluable.

The third democratic wave in sub Saharan Africa envisaged the flourishing of electoral democracy in place of undemocratic forms of leadership including the existence of authority based on heredity. However, the resurgence of traditional leadership whose legitimacy is based on heredity and ascription amidst democratization pose a paradox and contradictions. This paper analyses catalysts for the resurgence of traditional leadership in democratic Malawi. It also investigates the extent to which the centrality of electoral democracy is supported or hindered by traditional leadership. Based on literature review, the study establishes that traditional leadership and electoral democracy co-exist despite challenges such as legal ambiguity, partisanship and political interference. The major factors that contribute to the revitalisation of traditional leadership include public sector reforms underlined by donor influence and decentralisation, emergence of a fragile party system and pro-election political parties, and the proliferation of non-state actors at the local level. It is concluded that effective linkages and harmonious power relations between traditional leaders, and the political and non-state actors are necessary for productive co-existence. There is also need for pragmatic approaches that tap on opportunities offered by the traditional leaders for successful efforts towards meaningful electoral politics and democratic consolidation in Malawi.

The children’s book award is an ideological vehicle that communicates both implicit and explicit values to the wider world. For half a century, the Sydney Taylor Book Award has invoked criteria of literary excellence and authentic portrayals of Jewish experiences and the implicit cultural values that underpin them in its mission to recognize, celebrate, and perpetuate quality Jewish children’s literature. The award upholds and subverts cultural ideas of childhood, literary excellence, and Jewish authenticity in order to resist systems of power and dominant cultural narratives that seek to erase or flatten Jewish representation.

In this study densitometry software for the Oculus Pentacam was used to investigate the treatment outcomes of corneal cross linking (CXL) in adult and juvenile keratoconus (KCN) patients. Densitometry measurements were taken before and after treatment and followed up for one year. A comparative study was carried out at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital. Corneal densitometry measurements collected before and after CXL treatment for 32 eyes from KC patients, aged between 12 and 39, were divided to 2 groups 13-18 years (juvenile group) and 19-39 years (adult group) and analysed and compared to pre and post treatment at 3, 6 and 12 months for each group and between both groups. Analysis of densitometry measurements found higher corneal densitometry after CXL which peaks at three months post treatment in both groups. There was significant diversity in corneal densitometry measurements in the stromal zone 0-2 and 2-6 mm for all layers except the posterior layer for both groups (P<0.05). Significantly increased densitometry value was found higher in the juvenile group at six months in the central (P=0.006) and posterior (P=0.004) layers for zone 0-2 mm. The same layers differed significantly also in the 2-6 mm zone in all layers (P=0.01). One year post treatment the same significant increased densitometry level was seen in the juvenile group in the 0-2 mm zone of the central (P=0.007) and posterior layers (P=0.01), as was the 2-6 mm zone (P=0.04). However, no significant difference was found between pre and post treatment for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central corneal thickness (CCT) and thinnest area between both groups. A significant difference was found between pre and post treatment for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), in the adult group at 6 and 12 months post-treatment from pre-treatment (P=0.02, P=0.16) respectively. Corneal clarity post CXL treatment in the juvenile group differed significantly from the adult group. Both groups showed increased haze at 3 months post treatment but the adults showed improvement over the next 9 months. In contrast, the juvenile group showed higher densitometry readings at both 6 and 12 months post treatment in comparison to adult group. The reasons for this remain unclear.