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"Venus (Planet)"
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Journey to Venus
Explores Venus, the second planet from the sun, discussing its appearance, orbit and rotation, and geographical features.
Book
Day–night cloud asymmetry prevents early oceans on Venus but not on Earth
Earth has had oceans for nearly four billion years
1
and Mars had lakes and rivers 3.5–3.8 billion years ago
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. However, it is still unknown whether water has ever condensed on the surface of Venus
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,
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because the planet—now completely dry
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—has undergone global resurfacing events that obscure most of its history
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,
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. The conditions required for water to have initially condensed on the surface of Solar System terrestrial planets are highly uncertain, as they have so far only been studied with one-dimensional numerical climate models
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that cannot account for the effects of atmospheric circulation and clouds, which are key climate stabilizers. Here we show using three-dimensional global climate model simulations of early Venus and Earth that water clouds—which preferentially form on the nightside, owing to the strong subsolar water vapour absorption—have a strong net warming effect that inhibits surface water condensation even at modest insolations (down to 325 watts per square metre, that is, 0.95 times the Earth solar constant). This shows that water never condensed and that, consequently, oceans never formed on the surface of Venus. Furthermore, this shows that the formation of Earth’s oceans required much lower insolation than today, which was made possible by the faint young Sun. This also implies the existence of another stability state for present-day Earth: the ‘steam Earth’, with all the water from the oceans evaporated into the atmosphere.
Global climate model simulations of early Venus and Earth show that differences in the cloud regimes prevented ocean formation on Venus but not on Earth.
Journal Article
Planet Venus
Unlike most other planets, Venus can be seen from Earth's surface with the naked eye. Only the moon burns brighter in the night sky. Readers will learn why Venus's thick clouds help make the planet so hot and why its days last so long. They will also get an up-close look at Venus's remarkable land features and find out how scientists have studied the harsh surface of the planet.
Book
Venus seen on the sun : the first observation of a transit of Venus
The treatise by Jeremiah Horrocks (1618-1641) on the transit of Venus of 1639 is an account of an important astronomical observation, as well as an analysis and commentary on the changing state and practice of astronomy during the significant period between the achievements of Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) and Isaac Newton (1642-1727). This work has, in addition, the power to delight and charm us as the record of a young astronomer's encounter with a rare astronomical event and the manner in which he discovered, observed, and drew conclusions from it. Its appeal is heightened by the knowledge that a self-trained young man stole a march on all the astronomers of his day.
eBook
Venus
\"Venus is the closest planet to Earth, and it is also very similar in size. Learn all about 'Earth's twin'.\"--From publisher.
Book
Venus
From the latest scientific advances to observation advice for amateur astronomers, a beautifully illustrated exploration of one of Earth's closest neighbors. This book is a new, beautifully illustrated account of Venus, taking in the most recent research into this mysterious, inhospitable world. The book looks at the history of our observations of the planet, from early astronomy to future space missions, and seeks to shed light on many of the questions that remain unanswered, such as why Venus and the Earth—so similar in size and mass—evolved in such different directions, and how Venus acquired its dense carbon-dioxide atmosphere. Above all, Venus assesses whether life might have escaped from the oven-like temperatures at the surface and evolved to become perpetually airborne—in which case Venus may not be lifeless after all.
eBook
Venus
\"Introductory text and full-color images explore the physical characteristics of venus in space. Intended for students in kindergarten through third grade\"--Provided by publisher.
Book