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Writing history in international criminal trials
Why do international criminal tribunals write histories of the origins and causes of armed conflicts? Richard Ashby Wilson conducted empirical research with judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys and expert witnesses in three international criminal tribunals to understand how law and history are combined in the courtroom.
eBook
Genetics, crime and justice
As our understanding of genetics increases, its application to criminal justice becomes more significant. This timely book examines the use of genetic information both in criminal investigations and during the trial process. It discusses current scientific understanding and considers some potential legal, ethical and sociological issues with the use of genetic information. The author draws together debates from scientists, ethicists, sociologists and lawyers in order to understand how the criminal justice system currently reacts, and ought to react, to the new challenges presented by genetic evidence. She asks the important question of where priorities should lie: whether with society's desire to be protected from crime, or with an individual's desire to be protected from an unwanted intrusion into his or her genome. Topics include rights of privacy and consent in obtaining DNA samples, evidentiary issues in court, the impact of genetic evidence on punishment theory and sentencing, and genetic discrimination. This book will be of use to criminal and medical law students, along with academics, practitioners and policymakers interested in exploring the various criminal law issues in relation to genetics. It will also be of interest to criminal justice, philosophy, ethics, sociology and psychology students and academics looking explore the legal issues involved in such a topic.-- Source other than Library of Congress.
Book
Development of Ontology on Crime Investigation process
This paper is an extended version of the research paper \"Ontology based crime investigation process\" which deals with the working principle and the construction of an ontology based extensively on organized crime. Ontologies on various domains are created in which their assistance has been widely recognized. They are being developed for providing basis for allocation of knowledge in a domain and imparting reasonable information. In this paper we describe the structure of the ontology we created and also by validating the ontology via an online ontology evaluating tool.
Journal Article
Organized crime in the fisheries sector threatens a sustainable ocean economy
The threat of criminal activity in the fisheries sector has concerned the international community for a number of years. In more recent times, the presence of organized crime in fisheries has come to the fore. In 2008, the United Nations General Assembly asked all states to contribute to increasing our understanding the connection between illegal fishing and transnational organized crime at sea. Policy-makers, researchers and members of civil society are increasing their knowledge of the dynamics and destructiveness of the blue shadow economy and the role of organized crime within this economy. Anecdotal, scientific and example-based evidence of the various manifestations of organized crime in fisheries, its widespread adverse impacts on economies, societies and the environment globally and its potential security consequences is now publicly available. Here we present the current state of knowledge on organized crime in the fisheries sector. We show how the many facets of organized crime in this sector, including fraud, drug trafficking and forced labour, hinder progress towards the development of a sustainable ocean economy. With reference to worldwide promising practices, we highlight practical opportunities for action to address the problem. We emphasize the need for a shared understanding of the challenge and for the implementation of intelligence-led, skills-based cooperative law enforcement action at a global level and a community-based approach for targeting organized crime in the supply chain of organized criminal networks at a local level, facilitated by legislative frameworks and increased transparency.
The authors review how the presence of organized crime in the fisheries sector hinders progress towards the development of a sustainable ocean economy and highlight practical opportunities to address this problem at both the local and the global level.
Journal Article
The anatomy of murder
This is the first comprehensive account of \"Anatomy in National Socialism\". Traces the gradual escalation of ethical transgressions in anatomy during National Socialism from the traditional anatomical work with the dead to human experimentation, and points to the need for vigilance against similar gradual ethical compromise in contemporary medical ethics. Demonstrates the manner in which anatomists became complicit in the complete annihilation of the perceived \"enemies\" of the Nazi-government. Demands the full reconstruction of the biographies and memorialization of Nazi-victims, whose bodies were used for anatomical purposes.
eBook
Necessary Evils
This book is about amnesties for grave international crimes that states adopt in moments of transition or social unrest. The subject is naturally controversial, especially in the age of the International Criminal Court. The goal of this book is to reframe and revitalise the global debate on the subject and to offer an original framework for resolving amnesty dilemmas when they arise. Most literature and jurisprudence on amnesties deal with only a small subset of state practice and sidestep the ambiguity of amnesty's position under international law. This book addresses the ambiguity head on and argues that amnesties of the broadest scope are sometimes defensible when adopted as a last recourse in contexts of mass violence. Drawing on an extensive amnesty database, the book offers detailed guidance on how to ensure that amnesties extend the minimum leniency possible, while imposing the maximum accountability on the beneficiaries.
eBook
The Dark Side of Creativity
With few exceptions, scholarship on creativity has focused on its positive aspects while largely ignoring its dark side. This includes not only creativity deliberately aimed at hurting others, such as crime or terrorism, or at gaining unfair advantages, but also the accidental negative side effects of well-intentioned acts. This book brings together essays written by experts from various fields (psychology, criminal justice, sociology, engineering, education, history, and design) and with different interests (personality development, mental health, deviant behavior, law enforcement, and counter-terrorism) to illustrate the nature of negative creativity, examine its variants, call attention to its dangers, and draw conclusions about how to prevent it or protect society from its effects.
eBook
Big forensic data reduction: digital forensic images and electronic evidence
An issue that continues to impact digital forensics is the increasing volume of data and the growing number of devices. One proposed method to deal with the problem of “big digital forensic data”: the volume, variety, and velocity of digital forensic data, is to reduce the volume of data at either the collection stage or the processing stage. We have developed a novel approach which significantly improves on current practice, and in this paper we outline our data volume reduction process which focuses on imaging a selection of key files and data such as: registry, documents, spreadsheets, email, internet history, communications, logs, pictures, videos, and other relevant file types. When applied to test cases, a hundredfold reduction of original media volume was observed. When applied to real world cases of an Australian Law Enforcement Agency, the data volume further reduced to a small percentage of the original media volume, whilst retaining key evidential files and data. The reduction process was applied to a range of real world cases reviewed by experienced investigators and detectives and highlighted that evidential data was present in the data reduced forensic subset files. A data reduction approach is applicable in a range of areas, including: digital forensic triage, analysis, review, intelligence analysis, presentation, and archiving. In addition, the data reduction process outlined can be applied using common digital forensic hardware and software solutions available in appropriately equipped digital forensic labs without requiring additional purchase of software or hardware. The process can be applied to a wide variety of cases, such as terrorism and organised crime investigations, and the proposed data reduction process is intended to provide a capability to rapidly process data and gain an understanding of the information and/or locate key evidence or intelligence in a timely manner.
Journal Article
Judging State-Sponsored Violence, Imagining Political Change
How should state-sponsored atrocities be judged and remembered? This controversial question animates contemporary debates on transitional justice and reconciliation. This book reconsiders the legacies of two institutions that transformed the theory and practice of transitional justice. Whereas the Nuremberg Trials exemplified the promise of legalism and international criminal justice, South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission promoted restorative justice and truth commissions. Leebaw argues that the two frameworks share a common problem: both rely on criminal justice strategies to investigate experiences of individual victims and perpetrators, which undermines their critical role as responses to systematic atrocities. Drawing on the work of influential transitional justice institutions and thinkers such as Judith Shklar, Hannah Arendt, José Zalaquett and Desmond Tutu, Leebaw offers a new approach to thinking about the critical role of transitional justice – one that emphasizes the importance of political judgment and investigations that examine complicity in, and resistance to, systematic atrocities.
eBook