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Most discourses on victims in international criminal justice take the subject of victims for granted, as an identity and category existing exogenously to the judicial process. This book takes a different approach. Through a close reading of the institutional practices of one particular court, it demonstrates how court practices produce the subjectivity of the victim, a subjectivity that is profoundly of law and endogenous to the enterprise of international criminal justice. Furthermore, by situating these figurations within the larger aspirations of the court, the book shows how victims have come to constitute and represent the link between international criminal law and the enterprise of transitional justice. The book takes as its primary example the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), or the Khmer Rouge Tribunal as it is also called. Focusing on the representation of victims in crimes against humanity, victim participation and photographic images, the book engages with a range of debates and scholarship in law, feminist theory and cultural legal theory. Furthermore, by paying attention to a broader range of institutional practices, Figuring Victims makes an innovative scholarly contribution to the debates on the roles and purposes of international criminal justice.

This volume considers a variety of key issues pertaining to the rights of defendants and victims at International Criminal Courts (ICTs) and explores how best to balance and enhance the rights of both in order to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of international criminal proceedings. The rights of victims are becoming an increasingly important issue at ICTs. Yet, at the same time, this has to be achieved without having a detrimental impact upon on the rights of the defence and the efficiency of the courts. This book provides analyses of issues on the rights of both the accused and the victims. By discussing matters concerning these two pivotal actors in international criminal justice within the same volume, the work highlights that there are intrinsic and intense conflicting and converging relationships between victims and the accused, particularly in terms of their rights. While most of the chapters focus mainly on either the accused or the victims, others discuss both at the same time. The work strikes a fine balance between, on the one hand, classic topics on the rights of the accused and the rights of the victims and, on the other, topics which have been largely unexplored and/or which require new angles or perspectives. Additionally, there are some chapters which approach both the rights of the accused and the rights of the victims in new contexts and/or under novel perspectives. The book as a whole provides a discussion of the two sides of this important coin of international criminal justice. The work will be an essential resource for academics, practitioners and students with an interest in the field of international criminal law. It will also be of interest to human rights scholars who are working with the rights of victims and the accused.

Prisons are dangerous places, and assaults, threats, theft and verbal abuse are pervasive - attributable both to the characteristics of the captive population and to an institutional sub culture which promotes violence as a means of resolving conflicts. Yet the crimes perpetrated by prisoners on other prisoners have attracted little interest, and criminological research has contributed little to an understanding of situations in which violence arises in penal institutions. This book seeks to remedy this, and to address and answer a number of key questions: how do features of the prison social setting shape conflicts?; what social norms guide the decision to use violence?; what are the personal and social consequences of spending months or years in places where distrust and anxiety are normal?; how do staff respond to the dangers that are part of daily life in many prisons?; is it possible to identify factors associated with risk and resilience?; and what methods of handling conflicts do prisoners use that could prevent violence? Prison Violence adopts a distinctive approach to answering these questions, and is based on extensive research, including interviews with both victims and perpetrators of prison violence; it pioneers a conflict-centred approach, seeking to understand the pathways into and out of situations where there is potential for violence, focusing on interpersonal and institutional dynamics rather than on individual psychological factors.

This book addresses a number of key themes and developments in restorative justice, and is based on papers originally presented at the 6th International Conference on Restorative Justice in Vancouver. It is concerned with several new areas of practice within restorative justice, with sections on restorative justice and youth, aboriginal justice and restorative justice, victimization and restorative justice, and evaluating restorative justice. Contributors to the book are drawn from leading experts in the field from the UK, US, Europe, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Part 1: Restorative Justice and Youth 1. Towards Restoration As the Mainstream In Youth Justice, Lode Walgrave 2. Restorative Justice In Schools, Brenda Morrison 3. Achieving Effective Outcomes In Youth Justice: Implications of New Research For Principles, Policy and Practice, Gabrielle Maxwell 4. The Canadian Youth Criminal Justice Act and Restorative Justice, Serge Charbonneau Part 2: Aboriginal Justice and Restorative Justice 5. Aboriginal Justice and Restorative Justice, Jonathan Rudin 6. Indigenous Youth and the Criminal Justice System In Australia, John Boersig 7. Gladue Was A Woman: The Importance of Gender In Restorative Based Sentencing, Josephine Savarese Part 3: Victimization and Restorative Justice 8. A Tale of Two Studies: Restorative Justice From A Victims' Perspective, Kathleen Daly 9. Restorative Justice: A Healing Approach To Elder Abuse, Arlene Groh 10. Exploring Treatment and Trauma Recovery Implications of Facilitating Victim Offender Encounters In Crimes of Severe Violence: Lessons From the Canadian Experience, David Gustafson 11. The Involvement of Insurance Companies In Restorative Processes, Melissa Oullette Part 4: Evaluating Restorative Justice 12. Penetrating the Walls: Implementing A System-Wide Restorative Justice Approach In the Justice System, Don Clairmont 13. Restorative Justice In Cases of Serious Crime: An Evaluation, Tanya Rugge and Robert Cormier 14. Evaluating Conferencing For Serious Juvenile Offenders, Inge Vanfraechem 15. Evaluation and Restorative Justice Principles, Howard Zehr

iDuring the early development and throughout the short history of green/conservation criminology, limited attention has been directed toward quantitative analyses of relevant environmental crime, law, and justice concerns. While recognizing the importance of establishing a theory and terminology in the early stages of development, this book redresses this imbalance. The work features contributions that undertake empirical quantitative studies of green/conservation crime and justice issues by both conservation and green criminologists. The collection highlights the shared concerns of these groups within important forms of ecological crime and victimization, and illustrates the ways in which these approaches can be undertaken quantitatively. It includes quantitative conservation/green criminological studies that represent the work of well-established scholars in these fields along with studies by scholars whose works are less well-known but who are also contributing to shaping this area of research. The book presents a valuable contribution to the areas of Green and Conservation Criminology. It will appeal to academics and students working in these areas.

Victims of crime are now the subjects of intense policy attention and reform across most developed nations, whilst also receiving sustained attention at the highest levels of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and many other transnational organizations. Such moves have been fostered by the continued development of the international victims' movement and driven by a host of complex and interacting drivers which span jurisdictions. This volume sets out to contrast and compare the development of policies related to victims of crime and their place within the criminal justice systems in nine separate jurisdictions (the USA, the Netherlands, England and Wales, Scotland, the Republic of Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and South Africa). Based on first hand interviews with those responsible for formulating such policies, as well as detailed grounded and document analysis across these jurisdictions, this book exposes the national and transnational policy networks surrounding victims of crime and, in particular, examines how the provision of victim care is becoming globalized. In so doing, it represents a rare comparative evaluation of the underlying rationales and influences which have influenced the creation of such policies and places them in their true global context.

In recent years, the increasing focus on climate change and environmental degradation has prompted unprecedented attention being paid towards the criminal liability of individuals, organisations and even states for polluting activities. These developments have given rise to a new area of criminological study, often called 'green criminology'. Yet in all the theorising that has taken place in this area, there is still a marked absence of specific focus on those actually suffering harm as a result of environmental degradation. This book represents a unique attempt to substantively conceptualise and examine the place of such 'environmental victims' in criminal justice systems both nationally and internationally. Grounded in a comparative approach and drawing on critical criminological arguments, this volume examines many of the areas traditionally considered by victimologists in relation to victims of environmental crime and, more widely, environmental harm. These include victims' rights, compensation, treatment by criminal justice systems and participation in that process. The book approaches the issue of 'environmental victimisation' from a 'social harms' perspective (as opposed to a 'criminal harms' one) thus problematising the definitions of environmental crime found within most jurisdictions. Victims of Environmental Harm concludes by mapping out the contours of further research into a developing green victimology and how this agenda might inform criminal justice reform and policy making at national and global levels.This book will be of interest to researchers across a number of disciplines including criminology, international law, victimology, socio-legal studies and physical sciences as well as professionals involved in policy making processes.

Since the publication of the first edition of 'Hate Crime' in 2005, interest in this subject as a scholarly and political domain has grown considerably both in Britain and North America, but significantly also in many other parts of the world. As such, this second edition fully revises and updates the content of the first, but within a broader international context. Building on the success of the first edition, this accessible, cross-disciplinary text also includes a wider range of international issues, and addresses new and emerging areas of concern within the field. The book will be of particular interest to academics, undergraduate and postgraduate students, criminal justice practitioners, and policy-makers working within the area of hate crime and related fields of crime, social justice, and diversity. It will also be of value to others who may hold a more general interest in what is undoubtedly a rapidly evolving and increasingly important area of contemporary and global social concern. 1. Defining and Conceptualising Hate Crime, 2. The emergence of hate crime as a contemporary socio-legal problem, 3. The International Geography of Hate, 4. Victims and Victimisation, 5. Prejudice and Hatred, 6. Offenders and Offending, 7. Law and Law Enforcement, 8. Challenging Hate and Hate Crime, 9. Questioning the Hate Crime Paradigm, 10. Critical Issues in Hate Crime This welcome new addition to the hate crime literature has the same accessible and engaging feel of the first edition but has been updated to take account of important developments in scholarship and policy. I’d encourage anyone with an interest in this field to buy a copy. Neil Chakraborti, Senior Lecturer in Criminology, University of Leicester, UK. Nathan Hall’s Hate Crime has provided a firm foundation and core resource for hate crime studies in the UK. The second edition of this successful book will equally serve well the next generation of hate crime studies now being built on firm foundations that have been laid. Paul Iganski, Senior Lecturer in Social Justice, University of Lancaster, UK. Dr Nathan Hall is a senior lecturer in Criminology and Policing at the Institute of Criminal Justice Studies at the University of Portsmouth. He is also a member of the Cross-Government Hate Crime Independent Advisory Group and the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) Hate Crime Working Group. Nathan has also acted as an independent member of the UK government hate crime delegation to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and is a member of the Crown Prosecution Service (Wessex) Independent Strategic Scrutiny and Involvement Panel.

Bringing together knowledge from a variety of disciplines including sociology and public policy, this authoritative reference source contains 375 entries discussing the status of victims within the criminal justice system and much more.