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Video over wireless
This practical volume offers expert guidance on delivering high-quality video communications over wireless networks. Wireless access has become the dominant medium for network connectivity due to the proliferation of smartphones and tablets. Because of the size and power limitations of these personal devices, as well as data caps imposed by cellular operators, there are significant constraints on the delivery of high-quality video content. This guide explains emerging technologies that will help overcome these challenges-all presented in a clear and concise format.
Book
Towards the availability of video communication in artificial intelligence-based computer vision systems utilizing a multi-objective function
Availability is one of the three main goals of information security. This paper contributes to systems’ availability by introducing an optimization model for the adaptation (controlling the capturing, coding, and sending features of the video communication system) of live broadcasting of video to limited and varied network bandwidth and/or limited power sources such as wireless and mobile network cases. We first, analyzed the bitrate-accuracy and bitrate-power characteristics of various video transmission techniques for adapting video communication in Artificial Intelligence-based Systems. To optimize resources for live video streaming, we analyze various video parameter settings for adapting the stream to available resources. We consider the object detection accuracy, the bandwidth, and power consumption requirement. The results showed that setting SNR and spatial video encoding features (with upscaling the frames at the destination) are the best techniques that maximizing the object detection accuracy while minimizing the bandwidth and the consumed energy requirements. In addition, we analyze the effectiveness of combining SNR and spatial video encoding features with upscaling and find that we can increase the performance of the streaming system by combining these two techniques. We presented a multi-objective function for determining the parameter or parameters’ pairing that provides the optimal object detection’s accuracy, power consumption, and bit rate. Results are reported based on more than 15,000 experiments utilizing standard datasets for short video segments and a collected dataset of 300 videos from YouTube. We evaluated results based on the detection index, false-positive index, power consumption, and bandwidth requirements metrics. For a single adaptive parameter, the analysis of the experiment’s outcome demonstrate that the multi-objective function achieves object detection accuracy as high as the best while drastically reducing bandwidth requirements and energy consumption. For multiple adaptive parameters, the analysis of the experiment’s outcome demonstrate the significant benefits of effective pairings (pairs) of adaptive parameters. For example, by combining the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with the spatial feature in H.264, a certain optimal parameter setting can be reached where the power consumption can be reduced to
20
%
, and the bandwidth requirements to
2
%
from the original, while keeping the Object Detection Accuracy (
ODA
) within 10% less of the highest
ODA
.
Journal Article
The Role of Recipient Characteristics in Health Video Communication Outcomes: Scoping Review
The importance of effective communication during public health emergencies has been highlighted by the World Health Organization, and it has published guidelines for effective communication in such situations. With video being a popular medium, video communication has been a growing area of study over the past decades and is increasingly used across different sectors and disciplines, including health. Health-related video communication gained momentum during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and video was among the most frequently used modes of communication worldwide. However, although much research has been done regarding different characteristics of video content (the message) and its delivery (the messenger), there is a lack of knowledge about the role played by the characteristics of the recipients for the creation of effective communication.
The aim of this review is to identify how health video communication outcomes are shaped by recipient characteristics, as such characteristics might affect the effectiveness of communication. The main research question of the study is as follows: do the characteristics of the recipients of health videos affect the outcomes of the communication?
A scoping review describing the existing knowledge within the field was conducted. We searched for literature in 3 databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) and defined eligibility criteria based on the relevance to the research question. Recipient characteristics and health video communication outcomes were identified and classified.
Of the 1040 documents initially identified, 128 (12.31%) met the criteria for full-text assessment, and 39 (3.75%) met the inclusion criteria. The included studies reported 56 recipient characteristics and 42 communication outcomes. The reported associations between characteristics and outcomes were identified, and the potential research opportunities were discussed. Contributions were made to theory development by amending the existing framework of the Integrated-Change model, which is an integrated model of motivational and behavioral change.
Although several recipient characteristics and health video communication outcomes were identified, there is a lack of robust empirical evidence on the association between them. Further research is needed to understand how the preceding characteristics of the recipients might affect the various outcomes of health video communication.
Journal Article
Surveillance and film
\"Examines the ways that surveillance has been represented in cinema over the last forty years, especially themes of voyeurism, ethics, trust, and control\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Video coding deep learning-based modeling for long life video streaming over next network generation
Availability is one of the primary goals of smart networks, especially, if the network is under heavy video streaming traffic. In this paper, we propose a deep learning based methodology to enhance availability of video streaming systems by developing a prediction model for video streaming quality, required power consumption, and required bandwidth based on video codec parameters. The H.264/AVC codec, which is one of the most popular codecs used in video steaming and conferencing communications, is chosen as a case study in this paper. We model the predicted consumed power, the predicted perceived video quality, and the predicted required bandwidth for the video codec based on video resolution and quantization parameters. We train, validate, and test the developed models through extensive experiments using several video contents. Results show that an accurate model can be built for the needed purpose and the video streaming quality, required power consumption, and required bandwidth can be predicted accurately which can be utilized to enhance network availability in a cooperative environment.
Journal Article
Intensive media : aversive affect and visual culture
\"There is something unsettling, but also powerful, in the encounter with individual and collective experiences of human suffering. Intensive Media explores the discomfort and fascination initiated by instances of pain and suffering, their 'aversive affects', as they trouble but also vitalise contemporary media environments. In the contexts of crisis, conflict and suffering explored throughout this book, aversive affect operates micropolitically to make explicit or hide the material conditions that surround instances of pain in all its specificity. That is, in so many scenarios, personal, social and political stakes are set around the thresholds of intensity that give rise to a 'sense' of pain and the unpredictable valences of its aversive affects. It is in this sense that McCosker and his case studies develop outwards from the middle of what has been referred to as 'the problem of pain', a problem that traverses media, communication, art, sociality and politics in their confrontation with affect, biology and neurophysiology\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Improving the application performance of Loki via algorithm optimization
Loki is a state-of-the-art adaptive bitrate algorithm for the transmission of real-time-communication (RTC) video. It fuses traditional heuristic methods with a learning-based model to maximize the quality of experience (QoE) under diverse network conditions. However, a recurring rebound pattern is observed in Loki’s decision-making process where the decision frequently oscillates between the two boundaries of the action space, making Loki fail to adapt to the fluctuating network bandwidth. To address this issue, we propose Loki+, which improves both the fusion mechanism and the design of the learning-based actor. Specifically, we replace the element-wise multiplication with a simple but effective trend fusion and further optimize the design of reward and loss functions for training Loki+. Extensive simulation results show that Loki+ significantly improves the QoE in the aspects of reducing the stall rate by 20%
∼
60% and the frame delay by 3.5%
∼
30.5% while maintaining a similar sending bitrate or video quality, compared with Loki.
Journal Article
Unwatchable
\"We all have images that we find unwatchable, whether for ethical, political, or sensory-affective reasons. From news coverage of terror attacks to viral videos of police brutality, and from graphic horror films to incendiary artworks that provoke mass boycotts, many of the images in our media culture strike as beyond the pale of consumption. Yet what does it mean to proclaim a media object \"unwatchable\": disturbing, revolting, poor, tedious, or literally inaccessible? Appealing to a broad academic and general readership, Unwatchable offers multidisciplinary approaches to the vast array of troubling images that circulate in our global visual culture, from cinema, television, and video games through museums and classrooms to laptops, smart phones, and social media platforms. This anthology assembles 60 original essays by scholars, theorists, critics, archivists, curators, artists, and filmmakers who offer their own responses to the broadly suggestive question: What do you find unwatchable? The diverse answers include iconoclastic artworks that have been hidden from view, dystopian images from the political sphere, horror movies, TV advertisements, classic films, and recent award-winners\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A scalable system for the monitoring of video transmission components in delay-sensitive networked applications
The paper addresses the issue of measuring the end-to-end video delay due to the grabbing, display, and transmission components in networked video communication. We discuss the design and implementation of a scalable tool for the analysis and design of applications involving video based networked interaction or teleoperation, such as remotely operated devices and collaborative environments. The tool is intended for providing an accurate measure of the video lag involved in the encoding and streaming of video over packet networks, and for assessing the impact that delays in the video communication has in terms of human performance. The system is demonstrated through two different tasks: first, the measurement of video end-to-end delay for different networking configurations. Then, a visuomotor experiment is reported in which a subject is requested to accomplish a remote control task by using delayed video feedback, under different delay conditions.
Journal Article