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"Virtual Reality"
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Hello avatar : rise of the networked generation
An examination of our many modes of online identity and how we live on the continuum between the virtual and the real.Hello Avatar!Or, {llSay(0, \"Hello, Avatar!\"); is a tiny piece of user-friendly code that allows us to program our virtual selves.In Hello Avatar , B.
eBook
Virtual reality and augmented reality : myths and realities
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are two expressions that have recently appeared in the media but which remain largely unknown to the general public and professional world. This book aims to improve our understanding of these technologies by exploring the way in which they function and the applications we can expect for future users. VR and AR have existed for a long time but have primarily been limited, until now, to the research domain and a few large companies. The emergence of new low-cost devices (HMDs, sensors, etc.) has led to the rise of new applications for the wider public. In order to appreciate the advantages these new technologies bring, as well as the flaws which remain to be rectified, this book defines fundamental concepts and describes practical usage examples. These recent technological developments are then placed within a temporal dynamic by recalling the major evolutions of the past ten years and by providing some prospective avenues for the future.
Book
Virtual reality for management of pain in hospitalized patients: A randomized comparative effectiveness trial
Therapeutic virtual reality (VR) has emerged as an effective, drug-free tool for pain management, but there is a lack of randomized, controlled data evaluating its effectiveness in hospitalized patients. We sought to measure the impact of on-demand VR versus \"health and wellness\" television programming for pain in hospitalized patients.
We performed a prospective, randomized, comparative effectiveness trial in hospitalized patients with an average pain score of ≥3 out of 10 points. Patients in the experimental group received a library of 21 VR experiences administered using the Samsung Gear Oculus headset; control patients viewed specialized television programming to promote health and wellness. Clinical staff followed usual care; study interventions were not protocolized. The primary outcome was patient-reported pain using a numeric rating scale, as recorded by nursing staff during usual care. Pre- and post-intervention pain scores were compared immediately after initial treatment and after 48- and 72-hours.
There were 120 subjects (61 VR; 59 control). The mean within-subject difference in immediate pre- and post-intervention pain scores was larger in the VR group (-1.72 points; SD 3.56) than in the control group (-0.46 points; SD 3.01); this difference was significant in favor of VR (P < .04). When limited to the subgroup of patients with severe baseline pain (≥7 points), the effect of VR was more pronounced vs. control (-3.04, SD 3.75 vs. -0.93, SD 2.16 points; P = .02). In regression analyses adjusting for pre-intervention pain, time, age, gender, and type of pain, VR yielded a .59 (P = .03) and .56 (P = .04) point incremental reduction in pain versus control during the 48- and 72-hour post-intervention periods, respectively.
VR significantly reduces pain versus an active control condition in hospitalized patients. VR is most effective for severe pain. Future trials should evaluate standardized order sets that interpose VR as an early non-drug option for analgesia.
Journal Article
The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exercise on Individual’s Physiological, Psychological and Rehabilitative Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Objective purpose: This review synthesized the literature examining the effects of virtual reality (VR)-based exercise on physiological, psychological, and rehabilitative outcomes in various populations. Design: A systematic review. Data sources: 246 articles were retrieved using key words, such as “VR”, “exercise intervention”, “physiological”, “psychology”, and “rehabilitation” through nine databases including Academic Search Premier and PubMed. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: 15 articles which met the following criteria were included in the review: (1) peer-reviewed; (2) published in English; (3) randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled trials or causal-comparative design; (4) interventions using VR devices; and (5) examined effects on physiological, psychological, and/or rehabilitative outcomes. Descriptive and thematic analyses were used. Results: Of the 12 articles examining physiological outcomes, eight showed a positive effect on physical fitness, muscle strength, balance, and extremity function. Only four articles examined the effects on psychological outcomes, three showed positive effects such that VR exercise could ease fatigue, tension, and depression and induce calmness and enhance quality of life. Nine articles investigated the effects of VR-based exercise on rehabilitative outcomes with physiological and/or psychological outcomes, and six observed significant positive changes. In detail, patients who suffered from chronic stroke, hemodialysis, spinal-cord injury, cerebral palsy in early ages, and cognitive decline usually saw better improvements using VR-based exercise. Conclusion: The findings suggest that VR exercise has the potential to exert a positive impact on individual’s physiological, psychological, and rehabilitative outcomes compared with traditional exercise. However, the quality, quantity, and sample size of existing studies are far from ideal. Therefore, more rigorous studies are needed to confirm the observed positive effects.
Journal Article
Envisioning holograms : design breakthrough experiences for mixed reality
Explore the approach, techniques, and mindshift needed to design truly breakthrough experiences for the Microsoft HoloLens and Windows Mixed Reality platform. Learn what's so different about working with holograms, how to think spatially, and where to start designing your own holographic projects. You'll move rapidly from initial concept to persuasive prototype--all without the need for expensive tools or a designer's skill set. Designing for mixed reality is a completely new experience for everyone involved, and takes some experimentation to get right. You won't nail your first mixed reality project by relying upon your previous mobile or web design expertise as a guide. Mixed reality requires a different kind of design thinking for its unique challenges. Breakthrough holographic design starts with envisioning--the act of visualizing what could be. By rapidly depicting a desired experience and trying out its real-world interactions, you can quickly turn your initial vision into a tangible example of innovative design. Envisioning Holograms digs into why holographic computing is the future, takes you through the mixed reality design process, and gets you ready to take advantage of its endless opportunities.
Book
Combined Immersive and Nonimmersive Virtual Reality With Mirror Therapy for Patients With Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Stroke frequently leads to various functional impairments. Both virtual reality (VR) and mirror therapy (MT) have shown efficacy in stroke rehabilitation. In recent years, the combination of these 2 approaches has emerged as a potential treatment for patients with stroke.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combined immersive and nonimmersive VR with MT in stroke rehabilitation.
Five electronic databases were systematically searched for relevant papers published up to January 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the combination treatment of VR and MT for patients with stroke were included. A gray literature search was also conducted. The risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines, respectively.
A total of 475 patients from 14 RCTs were included, of which 7 were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed significant improvements in upper extremity (UE) motor function and hand dexterity, as evidenced by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE; mean difference, MD 3.50, 95% CI 1.47 to 5.53; P=.<001), the manual function test (MD 2.15, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.09; P<.001), and the Box and Block Test (MD 1.09, 95% CI 0.14 to 2.05; P=.03). Subgroup analyses based on disease duration (>6 months or not) revealed significant differences in the FMA-UE outcome. However, the pooled FMA-UE improvement did not consistently exceed the established minimal clinically important difference (4.25-7.25), indicating that while statistically significant, the clinical significance of the observed effect remains uncertain. Narrative evidence also suggested potential benefits for lower extremity function, dynamic balance, and quality of life, though these findings were not meta-analyzed and should be interpreted with caution.
Moderate-quality evidence supports combined VR and MT as a promising nonpharmacological intervention to improve upper extremity function and hand dexterity in stroke rehabilitation. While the intervention demonstrates statistically significant effects, it does not reach the minimum clinically important difference for the FMA-UE outcome. Preliminary descriptive evidence indicates possible advantages for lower extremity function, balance, and quality of life.
Journal Article
Reality+ : virtual worlds and the problems of philosophy
\"A leading philosopher takes a mind-bending journey through virtual worlds, illuminating the nature of reality and our place within it. Virtual reality is genuine reality. That's the central thesis of Reality+. In a highly original work of \"technophilosophy,\" David J. Chalmers argues that virtual worlds generated by computers are not second-class worlds. We can live a meaningful life in virtual reality. We may even be living in a computer simulation already-and if we are, that's not so bad. What is reality, anyway? How do we know there's an external world? What's the relation between mind and body? How can we lead a good life? Is there a god? In Reality+, Chalmers conducts a grand tour of philosophy, using virtual worlds to illuminate all of these questions and to provide new answers to many of them. Studded with illustrations that bring philosophical issues to life, Reality+ is a major statement that will shape discussion of philosophy and technology for years to come\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Virtual and augmented reality in critical care medicine: the patient’s, clinician’s, and researcher’s perspective
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are aspiring, new technologies with increasing use in critical care medicine. While VR fully immerses the user into a virtual three-dimensional space, AR adds overlaid virtual elements into a real-world environment. VR and AR offer great potential to improve critical care medicine for patients, relatives and health care providers. VR may help to ameliorate anxiety, stress, fear, and pain for the patient. It may assist patients in mobilisation and rehabilitation and can improve communication between all those involved in the patient’s care. AR can be an effective tool to support continuous education of intensive care medicine providers, and may complement traditional learning methods to acquire key practical competences such as central venous line placement, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation device management or endotracheal intubation. Currently, technical, human, and ethical challenges remain. The adaptation and integration of VR/AR modalities into useful clinical applications that can be used routinely on the ICU is challenging. Users may experience unwanted side effects (so-called “cybersickness”) during VR/AR sessions, which may limit its applicability. Furthermore, critically ill patients are one of the most vulnerable patient groups and warrant special ethical considerations if new technologies are to be introduced into their daily care. To date, most studies involving AR/VR in critical care medicine provide only a low level of evidence due to their research design. Here we summarise background information, current developments, and key considerations that should be taken into account for future scientific investigations in this field.
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Journal Article