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The virtues : a very short introduction
\"From the philosophy of Aristotle and Confucius, to Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologiae, to the paintings of Raphael, Botticelli, and many more, fascination with the virtues has endured and evolved to fit a wide range of cultural, religious, and philosophical contexts through the centuries. This Very Short Introduction introduces readers to the various virtues: the moral virtues, the intellectual virtues, and the theological virtues, as well as the capital vices. It explores the role of the virtues in moral life, their cultivation, and how they offer ways of thinking and acting that are alternatives to mere rule-following. It also considers the relationship of the virtues to our emotions, desires, and rational capacities.\" -- Jacket flap.
Book
The Varieties of Character and Some Implications for Character Education
The moral and civic dimensions of personal character have been widely recognized and explored. Recent work by philosophers, psychologists, and education theorists has drawn attention to two additional dimensions of character: intellectual character and “performance” character. This article sketches a “four-dimensional” conceptual model of personal character and some of the character strengths or “virtues” proper to each dimension. In addition to exploring how the dimensions of character are related to each other, the article also examines the implications of this account for character education undertaken in a youth or adolescent context. It is argued that “intellectual character education,” which emphasizes the development of intellectual virtues like curiosity, open-mindedness, and intellectual courage, is an underexplored but especially promising approach in this context. The relationship between intellectual character education and traditional character education, which emphasizes the development of moral and civic virtues like kindness, generosity, and tolerance, is also explored.
Journal Article
Reconsidering Virtue: Differences of Perspective in Virtue Ethics and the Positive Social Sciences
This paper describes differences in two perspectives on the idea of virtue as a theoretical foundation for positive organizational ethics (POE). The virtue ethics perspective is grounded in the philosophical tradition, has classical roots, and focuses attention on virtue as a property of character. The positive social science perspective is a recent movement (e.g., positive psychology and positive organizational scholarship) that has implications for POE. The positive social science movement operationalizes virtue through an empirical lens that emphasizes virtuous behaviors. From a virtue ethics perspective, a behaviorally based account of virtue is a weak theory of virtue. Observations are suggested for integrating the two perspectives. First, virtue should always be understood as an excellence and is often an optimal point between extreme dysfunctions on continuum of potential states. Second, an empirical exploration of virtue needs to account for character and context. Finally, the properties of organization-level virtue need to be further specified and explored. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Journal Article
FORUM: Miranda FRICKER's Epistemic Injustice. Power and the Ethics of Knowing
This paper summarizes key themes from my Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing (OUP, 2007); and it gives replies to commentators.
Journal Article
From AsurI Nature to Daivl Nature: Sri Aurobindo's Interpretation of the Gita in Light of Classical Exegesis
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the Daivi and Asuri Sampad (divine and demoniac qualities) as delineated in the sixteenth chapter of the Bhagavadgita (1936), drawing primarily on Sri Aurobindo's Essays on the Gita (1997a). By examining twenty-six virtues attributed to the Daivi nature and contrasting them with classical Sanskrit commentaries, the study identifies both convergences and omissions in Sri Aurobindo's interpretations. The paper further explores his psychological interpretation of the Gunas, the transformative role of Sattva, and the soul's ascent toward divine consciousness. In doing so, it situates his readings within a broader Indian philosophical and spiritual framework, highlighting how the transition from Rajasika and Tamasika tendencies to Trigunatita (beyond the Gunas) aligns with inner evolution. The paper also contextualizes Dharma and Satya as foundational values through Puranic sources, offering a nuanced perspective on Sri Aurobindo's integrative vision of spiritual development. Keywords: Daivi and Asuri nature, Bhagavadgita, Sri Aurobindo, Gunas, spiritual evolution
Journal Article
Virtuous Wonder
Many theorists note the important role that wonder can play in our lives. Yet, little attention has been given to the associated character virtue; characterizations of it do not go much further than basic sketches that draw on Aristotle’s view about emotional dispositions that are proper to virtue. This paper fleshes out such sketches, which helps us understand what type of virtue this trait is. The account of virtuous wonder I develop here vindicates brief suggestions in the literature that this trait is an intellectual and aesthetic virtue and reveals in what sense it is a moral and environmental virtue.
Journal Article