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"Visual perception Political aspects."
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From above : war, violence, and verticality
\"A series of in-depth accounts of 'the view from above' in shaping notions of territory, security and conflict\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The supermarket of the visible
Szendy offers a new interpretation of Deleuze's writings on cinema and Benjamin's notion of innervation.
Already in 1929, Walter Benjamin described \"a one hundred per cent image-space.\" Such an image space saturates our world now more than ever, constituting the visibility in which we live. The Supermarket of the Visible analyzes this space and the icons that populate it as the culmination of a history of the circulation and general commodification of images and gazes. From the first elevators and escalators (tracking shots avant la lettre) to cinema (the great conductor of gazes), all the way down to contemporary eye-tracking techniques that monitor the slightest saccades of our eyes, Peter Szendy offers an entirely novel theory of the intersection of the image and economics.
The Supermarket of the Visible elaborates an economy proper to images, icons, in other words, an iconomy. Deleuze caught a glimpse of this when he wrote that \"money is the back side of all the images that cinema shows and edits on the front.\" Since \"cinema,\" for Deleuze, is synonymous with \"universe,\" Szendy argues that this sentence must be understood in its broadest dimension and that a reading of key works in the history of cinema allows us a unique vantage point upon the reverse of images, their monetary implications. Paying close attention to sequences in Hitchcock, Bresson, Antonioni, De Palma, and The Sopranos, Szendy shows how cinema is not a uniquely commercial art form among other, purer arts, but, more fundamentally, helps to elaborate what might be called, with Bataille, a general iconomy.
Moving deftly and lightly between political economy, aesthetic theory, and popular movies and television, The Supermarket of the Visible will be a necessary book for anyone concerned with media, philosophy, politics, or visual culture. The book tells the little-known history of escalators, elevators, and moving sidewalks, as the history of the mobilization of the gaze.The book is the subject of an exhibition at the Jeu de Paume museum in Paris, which may then travel abroadThe book proposes a new way of approaching images, analyzing the economy of their circulation and exchange (what the author calls their iconomy).
eBook
Does microperimetry have a role in monitoring visual function in patients with Behçet uveitis?
Background
To evaluate the change in time in visual acuity, central macular thickness (CMT), and microperimetry (MP) findings in Behçet uveitis (BU) patients who were in remission with maintenance therapy.
Methods
This single center, retrospective, observational cohort study included twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with BU who were in remission during maintenance therapy. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), CMT, macular integrity index, average threshold, and fixation stabilities (P1 and P2) evaluated at six-month intervals were recorded. The changes in time were statistically analyzed. Paired samples t-test was used for normally distributed data and Wilcoxon rank test was performed for non-normally distributed data.
Results
The mean BCVA and CMT showed no significant changes after six months. Although the mean macular integrity index decreased and the mean fixation stabilities increased after six months, these findings were not statistically significant. The mean average threshold was 16.8 dB at baseline and it increased significantly to 19.3 dB in the sixth month (
p
< 0.001).
Conclusions
The results of our study suggest that although visual acuity and CMT showed no change in patients with Behçet uveitis receiving maintenance therapy, MP could detect an improvement in macular function.
Journal Article
Assessing Visual Fields in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa Using a Novel Microperimeter with Eye Tracking: The MP-3
The purpose of the current study is to investigate the test-retest reproducibility of visual fields (VFs) measured with the MP-3 microperimeter, in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).
VFs were twice measured with the MP-3 and also the Humphrey Field Analyzer, using the 10-2 test grid pattern in both perimeters, in 30 eyes (15 right and 15 left eyes) of 18 RP patients (11 males and 7 females). Test-retest reproducibility was assessed using the mean absolute deviation (MAD) measure at all 68 points in the test grid. Reproducibility was also evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of VF sensitivities.
The mean sensitivity measured in the HFA 10-2 was significantly higher than that measured in the MP-3 in both the first and second VF tests (p <0.0001, linear mixed model). The MAD was 2.4±0.6 [1.1 to 3.6] dB for MP-3 and 2.4±0.9 [1.1 to 5.1] dB for HFA 10-2, which was not significantly different (p = 0.76, linear mixed model). The ICC value associated with the MP-3 VFs was 0.81±0.13 [0.49 to 0.98], which was significantly larger than that observed for the HFA 10-2 VFs: 0.77±0.19 [0.20 to 0.94] (p = 0.043, linear mixed model).
The MP-3 microperimeter appears to be useful to evaluate central visual function in RP eyes, exhibiting test-retest reproducibility that is equal to, or better than, that observed in HFA 10-2 VFs.
Journal Article
Visual Quality Assessment of Rural Landscapes Based on Eye-Tracking Analysis and Subjective Perception
Traditional visual quality assessments of rural landscapes rely on subjective methods. This study integrates eye-tracking technology with subjective perception evaluation to construct a visual quality assessment model for rural landscapes, aiming to reveal the intrinsic relationship between objective visual behavior and subjective perception, with the aim of providing scientific guidance for rural landscape planning to promote sustainable rural development. Using landscape photographs from nine rural sampling sites in Guangzhou, eye-tracking experiments were conducted to collect participants’ eye movement data, combined with online questionnaires to obtain scenic beauty ratings and landscape characteristic factor evaluations. The findings reveal the following: (1) Eye-tracking experiments and subjective evaluation results showed high consistency, with samples having higher scenic beauty ratings demonstrating more prominent performance in core eye movement indicators such as total fixation duration and count, and total saccade duration, and typically possessing higher landscape characteristic factor values. (2) Urban–suburban-integrated rural landscapes exhibited poorer visual quality, characteristic-preservation rural landscapes elicited more in-depth and sustained visual exploration, and clustered-improvement rural landscapes possessed higher scenic beauty ratings and landscape characteristic factor values. (3) Total saccade duration was the key eye movement indicator for predicting scenic beauty ratings. (4) Multiple landscape characteristic factors significantly influence eye movement behavior.
Journal Article
Astonishment and evocation
All societies are shaped by arts, media, and other persuasive practices that can awe, captivate, enchant or otherwise seem to cast a spell on the audience. Likewise, scholarship itself often is driven by a sense of wonder and a willingness to be open to what lies beyond the obvious. This book broadens and deepens this perspective. Inspired by Stephen Tyler's view of ethnography as an art of evocation, international scholars from the fields of aesthetics, anthropology, and rhetoric explore the spellbinding power of elusive meanings as people experience them in daily life and while gazing at works of art, watching films or studying other cultures. The book is divided into three parts covering the evocative power of visual art, the immersion in ritual and performance, and the reading, writing, and interpretation of texts. Taken as a whole, the contributions to the book demonstrate howastonishmentandevocationdeserve an important place in the conceptual repertoire of the human sciences.
eBook
Context-specific effects of facial dominance and trustworthiness on hypothetical leadership decisions
Social judgments of faces predict important social outcomes, including leadership decisions. Previous work suggests that facial cues associated with perceptions of dominance and trustworthiness have context-specific effects on leadership decisions. Facial cues linked to perceived dominance have been found to be preferred in leaders for hypothetical wartime contexts and facial cues linked to perceived trustworthiness have been found to be preferred in leaders for hypothetical peacetime contexts. Here we sought to replicate these effects using images of women's faces, as previous studies have primarily focused on perceptions of leadership abilities from male faces, with only a handful of these including female faces. Consistent with previous work, a linear mixed effects model demonstrated that more trustworthy-looking faces were preferred in leaders during times of peace and more dominant-looking faces were preferred in leaders during times of war. These results provide converging evidence for context-specific effects of facial cues on hypothetical leadership judgments.
Journal Article
Comparison of visual quality after implantation of trifocal intraocular lenses with different diopter values in the two eyes: a retrospective study
Background
This study evaluated the postoperative visual quality of myopic patients with differences in the diopter of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in both eyes.
Methods
This is a retrospective observational study, 62 patients received binocular AT LISA tri 839MP trifocal intraocular lens implantation in Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University from September 2021 to June 2023 were included for analysis, 31 patients with IOL diopter value difference ≥ 1.0 D (study group) and 31 patients with IOL diopter value difference < 1.0 D (control group). The far intermediate, and near vison, modulation transfer function (MTF), Strehl ratio (SR), higher-order aberrations, pupil centroid shift from photopic to scotopic vision, tertiary visual function, spectacle independence, light disturbance phenomenon, overall satisfaction and quality of life and VF-11R scores in both groups were comparatively assessed 3 months after the surgery on the second eye.
Results
Postoperative visual acuity was significantly improved in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences in uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and uncorrected intermediate visual (UIVA) for both eyes and the right eyes between the two groups. There were also no statistically significant differences in UDVA, UIVA and for the left eyes between the two groups. uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) levels of both eyes and the right eyes, total ocular higher-order aberrations and trefoil aberrations were better in the control group than in the study group. There were no statistically significant differences in MTF, SR, simultaneous vision, fusion vision, coma, spherical aberration and VF-11R scores between the two groups. Stereopsis was improved in the control group versus the study group. The glare was better in the control group than in the study group. Night glare correlated with IOL diopter value difference.
Conclusions
The spectacle independence rate reached 100% in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences in far and intermediate vision, simultaneous vision and fusion vision between the two groups. The study group had corrected anisometropia in both eyes, but stereopsis and near vision were inferior in these patients compared with the control group. Night glare correlated with binocular IOL diopter value difference.
Journal Article
The portrayal of panic-buying and stockpiling in English newspapers during Covid, a mixed-method content analysis
Panic-buying and stockpiling during Covid disrupted the supply chain, causing food shortages and impacting the vulnerable. The government faced criticism for its lack of food system resilience, poor communications planning, and reliance on retailers. The British media frequently reported on panic-buying during early lockdown stages in 2020 and throughout Covid. The media play an important role in communicating information to the British public during times of crisis and influence public opinion. This mixed-method study examined English media portrayal of panic-buying, analysing text and visual data from six of the highest-circulating newspapers from March to July 2020. It reviewed reporting trends, use of imagery, themes, and prominent stakeholder voices. Content analysis of 209 articles showed that coverage was dominated by popular and left-wing press, with 89% of articles using sensationalised language and 68% coded as negative. In a subset of 125 articles, visual imagery showed empty shelves in 64% of analysed images, reinforcing the impression of food shortages. Supermarkets were the most quoted stakeholders, appearing in 62% of articles. Contradictions included reports of no food shortages alongside images of empty shelves and early newspaper advice encouraging stockpiling. Reporting peaked between March 16–22, 2020. Six key themes were identified: supermarket prominence, food supply/access, food policy, individual behaviour, socio-economic impacts, and panic-buying drivers—all themes had relevance to food system resilience. Future civil unrest linked to food-system challenges, potentially driven by climate change, conflict, or political instability, could see panic-buying play a significant role. Research on media portrayals of panic-buying can help policymakers enhance communication strategies and identify critical issues during crises. The Covid pandemic revealed crucial lessons about the media’s potential role in shaping public behaviour, highlighting the need for stronger government communication and collaboration with both the media and retailers to ensure consistent messaging, particularly to protect vulnerable groups.
Journal Article
Efficacy of MP-3 microperimeter biofeedback fixation training for low vision rehabilitation in patients with maculopathy
Background
To evaluate the efficacy of MP-3 microperimeter biofeedback fixation training (MBFT) in vision rehabilitation of low-vision patients affected by macular disease with central vision loss.
Methods
Seventeen eyes (7 age-related macular degeneration, 10 myopic maculopathy) of 17 patients were included in this prospective, interventional study. The preferred retinal locus was determined by comprehensive ophthalmoscopic fundus evaluation including fundus photography, autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography, and microperimetry. The rehabilitation consisted of three 10-min sessions per eye to be performed twice per week for 20 consecutive weeks using the MP-3 microperimeter. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), reading speed, mean central sensitivity, the percentages of fixation points within specified regions, bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) and the 25-item National Eye Institute visual function questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) were recorded pre- and post-training.
Results
The final BCVA, reading speed and mean central sensitivity all showed significant improvements after rehabilitation (
P
< 0.0001,
P
= 0.0013, and
P
= 0.0002, respectively). The percentages of fixation points located within 2° and 4° diameter circles both significantly increased after training (
P
= 0.0008 and
P
= 0.0007, respectively). The BCEA encompassing 68.2, 95.4, 99.6% of fixation points were all significantly decreased after training (
P
= 0.0038,
P
= 0.0022, and
P
= 0.0021, respectively). The NEI-VFQ-25 scores were significantly increased at the end of the rehabilitation training (
P
< 0.0001).
Conclusion
Rehabilitation with MP-3 MBFT is a user-friendly therapeutic option for improving visual function, fixation stability, and quality of life in advanced macular disease.
Trial registration
The prospective study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (
http://www.chictr.org.cn/
). Trial Registration Number:
ChiCTR2000029586
. Date of registration: 05/02/2020.
Journal Article