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Stroboscopy and High-Speed Imaging of the Vocal Function
Stroboscopy and High-Speed Imaging of the Vocal Function, Second Edition presents a complete picture of the art and science of stroboscopy. This unique professional resource includes not only comprehensive coverage of the imaging process, but also the disease process that exists in benign lesions, cancer, and neuropathology. Comparisons of normal images with pathologies are included to enhance readers' diagnostic skills, and the use of stroboscopic images before and after therapy to determine results enhances their clinical skills. The book also covers the entire range of laryngeal imaging for diagnostics, including rigid endoscopy, videostroboscopy, fiberoptic laryngoscopy, and high-speed imaging.
eBook
Voice Flows to and around Leaders: Understanding When Units Are Helped or Hurt by Employee Voice
In two studies, we develop and test theory about the relationship between speaking up, one type of organizational citizenship behavior, and unit performance by accounting for where employee voice is flowing. Results from a qualitative study of managers and professionals across a variety of industries suggest that voice to targets at different formal power levels (peers or superiors) and locations in the organization (inside or outside a focal unit) differs systematically in terms of its usefulness in generating actions to a unit's benefit on the issues raised and in the likely information value of the ideas expressed. We then theorize how distinct voice flows should be differentially related to unit performance based on these core characteristics and test our hypotheses using time-lagged field data from 801 employees and their managers in 93 units across nine North American credit unions. Results demonstrate that voice flows are positively related to a unit's effectiveness when they are targeted at the focal leader of that unit—who should be able to take action—whether from that leader's own subordinates or those in other units, and negatively related to a unit's effectiveness when they are targeted at coworkers who have little power to effect change. Together, these studies provide a structural framework for studying the nature and impact of multiple voice flows, some along formal reporting lines and others that reflect the informal communication structure within organizations. This research demonstrates that understanding the potential performance benefits and costs of voice for leaders and their units requires attention to the structure and complexity of multiple voice flows rather than to an undifferentiated amount of voice.
Journal Article
Voice Training and Therapy With a Semi-Occluded Vocal Tract: Rationale and Scientific Underpinnings
Contact author: Ingo R. Titze, 1101 13th Street, Denver, CO 80204-5319. Email: ititze{at}dcpa.org
PURPOSE: Voice therapy with a semi-occluded vocal tract has a long history. The use of lip trills, tongue trills, bilabial fricatives, humming, and phonation into tubes or straws has been hailed by clinicians, singing teachers, and voice coaches as efficacious for training and rehabilitation. Little has been done, however, to provide the scientific underpinnings. The purpose of the study was to investigate the underlying physical principles behind the training and therapy approaches that use semi-occluded vocal tract shapes.
METHOD: Computer simulation, with a self-oscillating vocal fold model and a 44 section vocal tract, was used to elucidate sourcefilter interactions for lip and epilarynx tube semi-occlusions.
RESULTS: A semi-occlusion in the front of the vocal tract (at the lips) heightens sourcetract interaction by raising the mean supraglottal and intraglottal pressures. Impedance matching by vocal fold adduction and epilarynx tube narrowing can then make the voice more efficient and more economic (in terms of tissue collision).
CONCLUSION: The efficacious effects of a lip semi-occlusion can also be realized for nonoccluded vocal tracts by a combination of vocal fold adduction and epilarynx tube adjustments. It is reasoned that therapy approaches are designed to match the glottal impedance to the input impedance of the vocal tract.
KEY WORDS: voice therapy, voice training, singing, resonant voice, voice efficiency
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Journal Article
Perception of Physical Demand, Mental Demand, and Performance: A Comparison of Two Voice Interventions for Parkinson's Disease
The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of two voice intervention approaches for hypophonia secondary to Parkinson's disease (PD) on self-reported measures of physical demand, mental demand, and vocal performance.
Thirty-four persons with hypophonia secondary to PD were assigned to one of three groups: Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) LOUD (
= 12), SpeechVive (
= 12), and nontreatment clinical control (
= 10). The LSVT LOUD and the SpeechVive participants received 8 weeks of voice intervention following the standardized protocol previously described for each approach. To confirm the effectiveness of each voice intervention, sound pressure level (dB SPL) data were analyzed for the experimental and control participants for a monologue sample obtained pretreatment, midtreatment, and posttreatment. During the voice intervention period, the LSVT LOUD and the SpeechVive participants were instructed to complete a modified version of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index rating scale to indicate the mental and physical demand required to complete the intervention activities, and to indicate how well they performed in completing the assigned vocal tasks.
The LSVT LOUD and the SpeechVive participants demonstrated a significant posttreatment increase in SPL (dB), in comparison to the clinical controls, thus confirming a positive intervention effect. The LSVT LOUD participants reported significantly higher ratings of physical and mental demand over the course of treatment, in comparison to the SpeechVive participants.
Consideration of the mental and physical demand associated with two voice intervention approaches, commonly used for PD, may help to foster improved therapeutic compliance and treatment outcomes.
Journal Article
Women's Voices in Digital Media
In today's digital era, women's voices are heard everywhere-from
smart home devices to social media platforms, virtual reality,
podcasts, and even memes-but these new forms of communication are
often accompanied by dated gender politics. In Women's Voices
in Digital Media , Jennifer O'Meara dives into new and
well-established media formats to show how contemporary screen
media and cultural practices police and fetishize women's voices,
but also provide exciting new ways to amplify and empower them.
As she travels through the digital world, O'Meara discovers
newly acknowledged-or newly erased-female voice actors from classic
films on YouTube, meets the AI and digital avatars in Her
and The Congress , and hears women's voices being
disembodied in new ways via podcasts and VR voice-overs. She
engages with dialogue that is spreading with only the memory of a
voice, looking at how popular media like Clueless and
The Simpsons have been mined for feminist memes, and
encounters vocal ventriloquism on RuPaul's Drag Race that
queers and valorizes the female voice. Through these detailed case
studies, O'Meara argues that the digital proliferation of screens
alters the reception of sounds as much as that of images, with
substantial implications for women's voices.
eBook