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Volcanoes
\"Volcanoes are a natural part of the process in the formation of Earth. Learn the different types, how they form, which ones have done the most damage, and what we are doing to mitigate their destructive power.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Vertical distribution of megafauna on the Bering Sea slope based on ROV survey
Video surveys were carried out during the 75th cruise of the RV
(June 2016) along the northern slope of the Volcanologists Massif, in the south-western Bering Sea. The seafloor was explored using the ROV
. Seven dives were performed in the depth range from 4,278 m to 349 m. Overall, about 180 species of megafauna were recognised. Fifteen types of megafauna communities corresponding to certain depth ranges were distinguished based on the most abundant taxa. Dominance changed with depth in the following order: the holothurian
at the maximum depth (4,277-4,278 m); the holothurian
at 3,610-2,790 m; the ophiuroid
at 3,030-2,910 m; benthic shrimps of the family Crangonidae at 2,910-2,290 m; the holothurian
at 2,650-2,290 m; benthic jellyfish from the family Rhopalonematidae at 2,470-2,130 m; the enteropneust Torquaratoridae at 2,290-1,830 m; the holothurian
and the ophiuroid of the genera
and
at 1,830-1,750 m. At depths 1,750-720 m most of the megafauna was associated with live or dead colonies of the sponge
spp. Depths 720-390 m were dominated by the coral
and/or
At 390-350 m depth, the shallowest depth range, the dominant taxon was the zoantharian
sp. Soft sediment megafauna communities dominated by torquaratorid enteropneusts to our knowledge have not been observed before in the deep-sea, the same as communities with a dominance of benthopelagic rhopalonematid jellyfish. The depths of the largest community changes, or the largest turnover of dominant species, were revealed at ∼2,790 m between the bathyal and abyssal zones and ∼1,750 m and ∼720 m within the bathyal zone.
Journal Article
Volcanologists : examining active volcanoes
See what a volcanologist does through case studies, photographs, and interviews with the people who study volcanoes.
Book
Volcanologist
Introduces the field of volcanology, explaining the necessary educational steps, useful character traits, potential hazards, and daily job tasks related to this occupation.
Book
Some Biogeochemical Characteristics of the Trace Element Bioaccumulation in the Benthic Fauna of the Piip Volcano (The Southwestern Bering Sea)
The Piip Volcano is a submarine volcanic edifice occupying the central part of the Volcanologists Massif in the southwestern Bering Sea, with two tops, southern and northern. The minimum depth of the northern top is located at 368 m, and of the southern at 464 m. Active hydrothermal venting occurring at both summits of the volcano supports diverse biological communities, including animals specific for chemosynthetic habitats. In benthic organisms inhabiting the northern and southern tops of the Piip Volcano, for the first time, we examined distribution patterns of the following trace elements: titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, cadmium, antimony, barium, tungsten, lead, bismuth, and uranium. The element contents were quantified by the ICP-MS. Total carbon (TC) and total inorganic carbon (TIC) were determined using a Shimadzu TOC-L-CPN and mineral composition of sediment was determined using the XRD. In the water of the biotope from the northern top, concentrations of Mn, Zn, Ag, Cd, Sb, W, Pb were 2–6 times, and Ba was 50 times higher than those from the southern top. This was attributed to the lower temperature of fluids emanating at the southern top. An abundant population of Calyptogena pacifica (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae: Pliocardiinae) was found only at the southern top. The main target of most trace elements, such as Fe, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Mo, Ag, Cd, W, Pb, Bi, and U were the soft parts of Calyptogena pacifica (with high TOC content, on average 53.1% in gills and 49.6% in the rest of the body). Gills were characterized by particular high contents (>100 µg g−1 dry w.) of Zn, Cd, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Pb, which can form sulphides or be associated with them. Shells of C. pacifica, as well as Brachiopoda, were depleted in these elements, as well as tissues of the carnivores Paguridae (Crustacea) and Actiniaria (Anthozoa). In suspension feeders from both tops, the lower contents of most elements were detected. Estimation of Biological Concentration Factor (BCF) for most elements varied from 102 to 104, reaching n105 for Ni, Zn, Ag, Cd, and Pb. A significant difference in BCF values between Fe and Mn was revealed.
Journal Article
Volcanologist.(CAREER OF THE MONTH: BASED ON INTERVIEWS WITH PROFESSIONALS USING SCIENCE IN THE WORKPLACE)(Occupation overview)
Volcanologists (or vulcanologists) study the processes that lead to the formation and eruption of volcanoes. Adam Soule primarily studies volcanism on the ocean floor, where most of Earth's volcanic activity takes place. He is a tenured associate scientist in the Geology and Geophysics Department at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), as well as chief scientist for deep submergence at WHOI. Here, Vangelova discusses the work of Soule.
Journal Article