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With low-power gadgets proliferating, the development of a small, effective rectenna is crucial for wirelessly energizing devices. A simple circular patch with a partial ground plane for RF-energy harvesting at ISM (2.45 GHz) band is proposed in this work. The simulated antenna resonates at 2.45 GHz with an input impedance of 50 Ω and a gain of 2.38 dBi. An L-section matching a circuit with a voltage doubler is proposed to provide excellent RF-to-DC transformation efficiency at low power input. The proposed rectenna is fabricated and the results show that the return loss and realized gain have good characteristics at the ISM band with 52% of RF-to-DC transformation efficiency, with an input of 0 dBm power. The projected rectenna is apt for power-up low sensor nodes in wireless sensor applications.

This paper introduces a highly efficient and low-power inverse class-F voltage doubler (VD) designed for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting systems. Specifically tailored for mid-band 5G technology, the VD is designed for operation within the 1240–1300 MHz satellite band. The innovative design employs an inverse class-F architecture, incorporating a λ / 8 short-ended transmission line (TL) connected to the diode anode and a ( λ / 12 ) open-ended transmission line linked to the input of the voltage doubler. This configuration aims to reshape voltage and current waveforms, effectively reducing losses and series resistance in the diode. Dual-coupled transmission lines (CTLs) are utilized to provide passive voltage boosting at low-input power levels. The suggested voltage doubler is implemented using RO4003C substrate material with a dielectric relative permittivity ( ε r ) of 3.38 and a thickness of 0.81 mm. Measured results demonstrate a minimum input return loss of − 29.3 dB at 1.25 GHz, operating seamlessly within a frequency band from 1.18 to 1.32 GHz. The measured conversion efficiency is 45.2% at an input power ( P in ) of − 4dBm. Furthermore, the peak RF–DC efficiency reaches 50% at an input power of 0dBm. Simulated results predict a remarkable conversion efficiency of 60% and 68.7% at − 4dBm and 0 dBm, respectively. In addition to its exceptional performance, the suggested voltage doubler exhibits an experimental DC output voltage of 0.53 V at P in = - 10 dBm and a saturated DC voltage of 3.4 V at an input power of 10dBm under a load terminal resistance of 8 KΩ. Finally, the dimensions of the proposed voltage doubler are 25.3 × 10.5 mm 2 .

For the purpose of stably supplying electric power to the underwater wireless sensor, the energy harvesting technology in which a voltage is obtained by generating displacement in a piezoelectric material using flow-induced vibration is one of the most attractive research fields. The funnel type energy harvester (FTEH) with PVDF proposed in this study is an energy harvester in which the inlet has a larger cross-sectional area than the outlet and a spiral structure is inserted to generate a vortex flow at the inlet. Based on numerical analysis, when PVDF with L = 100 mm and t = 1 mm was used, the electric power of 39 μW was generated at flow velocity of 0.25 m/s. In experiment the average RMS voltage of FTEH increased by 0.0209 V when the flow velocity increased by 1 m/s. When measured at 0.25 m/s flow velocity for 25 s, it was shown that voltage doubler rectifier (VDR) generated a voltage of 133.4 mV, 2.25 times larger than that of full bridge rectifier (FBR), and the energy charged in the capacitor was 44.3 nJ, 14% higher in VDR than that of the FBR. In addition, the VDR can deliver power of 17.75 μW for 1 kΩ load. It is shown that if the voltage generated by the FTEH using the flow velocity is stored using the VDR electric circuit, it will greatly contribute to the stable power supply of the underwater wireless sensor.

A comprehensive model for micro-powered piezoelectric generator (PG), analysis of operation, and control of voltage doubler joule thief (VDJT) circuit to find the piezoelectric devices (PD’s) optimum functioning points are discussed in the present article. The proposed model demonstrates the power dependence of the PG on mechanical excitation, frequency, and acceleration, as well as outlines the load behaviour for optimal operation. The proposed VDJT circuit integrates the combination of voltage doubler (VD) and joule thief circuit, whereas the VD circuit works in Stage 1 for AC (alternating current)–DC (direct current) conversion, while a joule thief circuit works in Stage 2 for DC–DC conversion. The proposed circuit functions as an efficient power converter, which converts power from AC–DC and boosts the voltage from low to high without employing any additional electronic components and generating duty cycles. The electrical nature of the input (i.e., PD) of a VDJT circuit is in perfect arrangement with the investigated optimisation needs when using the proposed control circuit. The effectiveness of the proposed VDJT circuit is examined in terms of both simulation and experiment, and the results are presented. The proposed circuit’s performance was validated with available results of power electronics interfaces in the literature. The proposed circuit’s flexibility and controllability can be used for various applications, including mobile battery charging and power harvesting.

In the present work, the prototype of a voltage multiplier represented as the diffusion-welded stack is presented. Two options of multiplier prototypes are considered: the scheme with external capacitors and the multiplier of the vertical composition using the diode's own capacitance. Oscillograms of input and output signals for both multiplier composition are presented.

The rectenna as a device, is critical for achieving long-distance wireless power transfer. The centrality of this study is focused on adding to the collective knowledge of the subject matter, by providing a new perspective in terms of an alternative design for the antenna component of the rectenna. Essentially, this study features a novel \"3-point star\" design which was simulated in comparison with the conventional square microstrip patch antenna design. Both designs (i.e., operating at the Wi-Fi band 2.4 GHz), were assessed in terms of simulated performance parameters: gain, directivity, return loss, radiation pattern, and efficiency. From the simulation results, the proposed \"3-point star\" design, though slightly less efficient exhibited improved performance over the conventional square patch alternative, in terms of gain, directivity, and return loss. For the rectifying component, a greinacher voltage-doubler (with two HSMS2820 diodes), was designed separately and simulated over a range of input power levels (10dBm-34dBm), for 220-Ω, 380-Ω and 810-Ω load resistances, respectively. A maximum conversion efficiency of 88.02% was achieved at 28dBm for an 810 Ω load resistance. All design simulations were executed using Advanced Design System (ADS) software.

Introduction. To obtain a high voltage direct current, voltage multipliers with a number of cascades of three or more are widely used. At the same time, for voltage levels of 100…200 kV there are several advantages of using a specialized single-phase high voltage doubler rectifier. Problem. The main difficulty is that at the moment mathematical modeling has not been worked out for describing modes that use the built-in R, C-filter, as well as a nonlinear load in the form of Zener diodes. Goal. Generalization of the results of the authors' previous publications on the development of an analytical method for calculating the modes of a typical high-voltage direct current installation based on a specialized single-phase voltage doubler rectifier. Methodology. Compilation of a system of algebraic linear and nonlinear equations that describe the current and voltage modes in the elements of a typical high-voltage direct current installation with a nonlinear load. Results. It is shown that with the use of linearization of the current-voltage characteristics of Zener diodes used in the load circuits of a typical high-voltage direct current installation, an analytical solution for the voltages and currents in its elements can be obtained. Originality. The theoretical basis of the complex solution of the system of equations for the currents, voltages and power of the elements of a typical high-voltage direct current installation with the account of nonlinear pulsations is formulated for the first time. Practical value. The obtained theoretical results can be used for calculations, design, optimization of the modes for a wide range of high-voltage direct current installations of technical, technological, and measuring purposes in the range up to 100...200 kV.

The low-vibration energy of raindrops is used in this paper to simulate an AC-DC converter circuit with a piezoelectric cantilever for energy collection. The piezoelectric phenomenon allows the developed piezoelectric cantilever beam to transform the little vibration energy it captures into electrical energy. The low-frequency vibration range is between 1 and 100 Hz, while higher frequencies are above 100 Hz. However, due to the inherent inconsistency in the input's magnitude, particularly in low-frequency harvesting, researchers are extensively exploring improved methods to stabilize and enhance the converted output. Several factors affect piezoelectric output generation, including the type of piezoelectric material, the configuration of the piezoelectric array and also the AC-DC converter. Therefore, in this research, three types of AC-DC converter were considered and studied, which are the full wave bridge rectifier (FWBR), voltage doubler (VDL), and Latour voltage doubler (LVD). The analysis's goal is to ascertain the maximum power generated at a target vibration frequency of 4 Hz. The analysis of the piezoelectric harvester with AC-DC converter circuit was conducted using LTspice software. During the analysis, the power output of the energy harvester system was examined. The FWBR circuit produced a maximum output power of 121 mW at 10 MΩ with a resonance frequency of 4 Hz and a force of 0.978 N. This comparison demonstrates that FWBR is the most efficient in terms of power generation which is 99.70% more efficient than VD and 99% more efficient compared to LVD. This research also includes a comparison with other studies, demonstrating a substantial improvement in power extraction efficiency, achieving 73.83%, which is significantly higher than previous studies that reported efficiencies ranging from 6.24% to 60.98%.

Industrial microwave generators operating at 2.45 GHz commonly use magnetrons as microwave sources, requiring robust and reliable high-voltage (HV) power supplies. This paper presents a nonlinear electrical model of a single-phase HV power supply feeding a single magnetron, based on a magnetic-shunt transformer and a voltage-doubler rectifier. The model accounts for the nonlinear magnetic behavior of the transformer and the electrical characteristics of the magnetron. The developed model provides a useful tool for the analysis and optimization of single-phase magnetron power supplies used in industrial microwave applications.