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"Vulnerability (Personality trait) in literature."
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Danger and vulnerability in nineteenth-century American literature : crash and burn
\"This book reads nineteenth-century American literature in the context of emerging technologies, laws, and industries. By engaging ideas about risk and vulnerability, literature showed a shift in America's cultural ethos from lauding autonomy and mastery to promoting a sympathetic state and encouraging new forms of cultural recompense\" -- Provided by publisher.
Book
Interpersonal processes in paranoia: a systematic review
Paranoid ideation is a core feature of psychosis, and models of paranoia have long proposed that it arises in the context of disturbances in the perception of the self. However, to develop targeted interventions, there is a benefit in clarifying further, which aspects of self-perception are implicated. Interpersonal sensitivity is a personality trait which has been associated with the risk of paranoid thinking in the general population. However, not all studies have found this link. We aimed to review the empirical literature assessing the association between interpersonal sensitivity and paranoia in both general population and clinical samples; and to explore if associations found differed depending on whether state or trait paranoia was assessed. The review followed PRISMA guidelines. Articles were identified through a literature search in OVID (PsychINFO, MEDLINE) and Web of Science up to December 2016. Fourteen studies with a total of 12 138 participants were included. All studies were of ‘fair’ or ‘good’ quality. A robust association was found between interpersonal sensitivity and paranoia in clinical and general population samples alike, regardless of the method of assessment of both paranoia and interpersonal sensitivity. Although this finding was more pronounced in studies of trait paranoia, it is likely that differences in study purpose, measurement, and power explain these differences. Findings from this review support the hypothesis that feelings of personal vulnerability and exaggerated socially evaluative concerns are central for both onset and maintenance of paranoid symptoms, suggesting avenues for future research in targeted interventions.
Journal Article
Conceptualizing Mindfulness and Acceptance as Components of Psychological Resilience to Trauma
Mindfulness- and acceptance-based conceptualizations of PTSD implicate experiential avoidance and non-mindful behavior in the etiology and maintenance of the disorder. If experiential avoidance is associated with vulnerability to PTSD, then a mindful and accepting orientation toward experience may confer psychological resilience following exposure to trauma. This article examines how mindfulness- and acceptance-based theories of psychopathology relate to risk of and resilience to PTSD. Research is reviewed dealing with the impact of experiential avoidance, avoidant coping, dissociation, acceptance, and mindfulness on PTSD symptom severity and posttraumatic functioning. This review suggests that trait mindfulness and acceptance are associated with greater psychological adjustment following exposure to trauma, while experiential avoidance, persistent dissociation, and coping strategies involving emotional disengagement are associated with greater PTSD symptom severity and related psychopathology. Methodological challenges are explored and suggestions for future research and PTSD prevention programs are discussed.
Journal Article
Two-Speed Integration? A Comparative Analysis of Barriers and Resilience Strategies of Young Migrants in Vulnerable Conditions in Romania
This comparative study focuses on the barriers to social and economic inclusion, as well as the integration and coping strategies of Arab and Moldovan migrants in Romania. We explored the integration barriers they face, the main individual and societal aspects that lead to their resilience, and their self-perception of vulnerability, by carrying out 35 psychosocial interviews and four focus groups with young migrants (aged 18 to 29), belonging to the two different subgroups (of Arab and Moldovan origins, respectively). The comparative analysis revealed that migrants from Arab countries face harsher integration barriers compared to Moldovan migrants, they have a more severe self-perceived vulnerability, and their integration may be a longer and more complex process. Results showed that mastery of the language and the network of acquaintances play an indispensable role in inclusion. Moldovans integrate more easily than Arabs, thanks to their fluency in Romanian, the native language shared with the majority local population, the geographical and cultural proximity to the country of destination, and the larger personal network. We highlight the need for improving integration policies for young migrants, tailoring them to the specific problems and barriers that migrants are facing.
Journal Article
TAFL and TEFL Teachers’ Emotional Vulnerability and Emotion Regulation Strategies in Online Classes
The purpose of this study was to (1) explore the emotional vulnerabilities experienced by novice TAFL (Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language) and TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) teachers when teaching in online classes and (2) investigate the emotion regulation strategies that they used to deal with the negative emotions. To such ends, we followed an explanatory narrative design to investigate the emotional vulnerability and emotion regulation strategies of ten novice TAFL and six novice TEFL teachers in their online classes. We collected autobiographical narratives and conducted unstructured interviews. The results of the reflexive thematic analysis showed that teaching in online classes led to experiencing both positive (curiosity, happiness, contentment, and satisfaction) and negative emotions (anger, anxiety, frustration, sadness, confusion, and fear) by novice TAFL and TEFL teachers. The findings also showed that novice TAFL teachers experienced more negative emotions compared to novice TEFL teachers. Moreover, the findings indicated that although novice TAFL teachers experienced curiosity as a positive emotion in their online classes, novice TEFL teachers did not experience this emotion. Concerning emotion regulation strategies, the findings indicated that novice TAFL and TEFL teachers used different strategies to deal with negative emotions. The findings concerning emotion regulation strategies also showed similarities and differences between novice TAFL and TEFL teachers. We conclude that emotional vulnerability caused by teaching in online classes might benefit TAFL and TEFL teachers. Moreover, emotion regulation has goals, and teachers might regulate their emotions at different time intervals in online classes. Finally, teachers’ emotional vulnerability in online classes might be affected by the quality of L2 teacher education programs. As for the implications of the study, we suggested that L2 teacher education programs should create knowledge-based and practice-based venues for teachers to experience and deal with emotions before real classes.
Journal Article
Impact of Social Media on Adolescence: Mapping Emerging Needs to Build Resilient Skills
It is important to study the impact of social media on mental health and well-being, as most young people use social media. Research has provided evidence of the link between social media and mental health, identifying vulnerability variables, risk factors, comorbidity, and predictors of deterioration or improvement. However, there is still very little qualitative insight into young people’s experiences and perceptions of social media and its impact on their subjective well-being. This study consists of a systematic review of the literature and a narrative synthesis of scientific articles published between 2013 and 2023 and indexed in the most important scientific databases in our field of knowledge. The SALSA protocol for systematic reviews of scientific literature was followed. We worked on a final sample of 25 articles, all of which were qualitative in methodology. From the content analysis, we extracted five thematic categories that describe and explore in depth the complex impact of social networks on adolescents’ well-being. The interactions between positive and negative effects, as well as the links with protective or vulnerability factors, are presented with the aim of constructing as complete a knowledge framework as possible. The paper concludes with useful implications for educational interventions.
Journal Article
Psychosocial profiles of university students' emotional adjustment, perceived social support, self-efficacy belief, and foreign language anxiety during COVID-19
The aim of the study was to understand Chinese university students' psychological development during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Four online surveys, i.e., emotional adjustment, perceived social support, self-efficacy belief, and anxiety in English learning, were administered to 585 university students in China. The data were analyzed through a latent profile analysis.
Three profiles were identified: high adaptation, moderate adaptation, and low adaptation. The students with high adaptation (n = 276, 47.1%) possessed a more positive self-efficacy belief and demonstrated lower levels of anxiety. In contrast, the students with low adaptation (n = 82, 14%) possessed a less positive self-efficacy belief and demonstrated higher levels of anxiety.
The findings highlight the need of psychological interventions to support the psychological development of vulnerable groups of learners within and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
What is already known about this topic:
(1) Anxiety is an important factor that influences the learning of foreign languages.
(2) Self-efficacy and perceived social support help students cope with stress.
(3) Emotional adjustment helps to reduce foreign language anxiety.
What this paper adds:
(1) Students with low adaptation possessed lower levels of self-efficacy belief and demonstrated higher levels of anxiety.
(2) Teachers need to pay special attention to the psychological development of vulnerable groups of learners within and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
(3) Teachers are advised to develop interventions that enhance students' self-efficacy beliefs and offer tailored interventions on emotional adjustment strategies.
Journal Article
Suicide and Suicidal Behavior
Suicidal behavior is a major public health problem. As it has for decades, suicide remains one of the leading causes of death in the western world. This paper reviews the literature and the latest developments on the research and knowledge of suicide behavior and death from suicide.
The keywords: suicide, psychopathology, mental pain, impulsivity, aggression and communication difficulties were entered into databases: PubMed, PsychLit and ProQuest. Significant articles were scrutinized for relevant information.
According to WHO estimates for the year 2020, approximately 1.53 million people will die from suicide, and ten to 20 times more people will attempt suicide worldwide. These estimates represent on average one death every 20 seconds and one attempt every one to two seconds. Although of low predictive value, the presence of psychopathology is probably the single most important predictor of suicide. Accordingly, approximately 90 percent of suicide cases meet criteria for a psychiatric disorder, particularly major depression, substance use disorders, cluster B personality disorders and schizophrenia. Other more transient factors that reflect an imminent risk of suicide crisis and therefore require immediate intervention include unbearable mental pain and related experiences of depression and hopelessness. Problems with help-seeking, social communication and self-disclosure also pose a suicide risk, as do personality traits of aggression and impulsivity. All these factors are highly correlated with suicidal behavior across psychiatric samples and nosological borders.
Although suicidal behavior has been well studied, empirically and clinically, the definition of the different subtypes and phenotypes of suicidal behaviors and mechanisms underlying some of the risk factors (such as aggression, impulsivity, suicide intent) remain unclear. Reducing the increasing trend of suicide rates among the most vulnerable populations will require further research. Hopefully this review will contribute to the understanding of this phenomenon and to the development of preventive initiatives
Journal Article
Visualising Resilience
This article argues that Joe Sacco in Safe Area Goražde , first published in 2000, constantly draws our attention to the resilience of the Goražde people who recover from their horrific experiences of the 1994–95 massacres, as a way of pointing to the continuing trauma of the same people. First, Sacco depicts both individual and social resilience. He then presents the inhabitants of the town as living in perpetual risk, for resilience demands the mobilisation of disaster or its threat as a constant presence. Third, resilience is linked to the collapse of cultural protection where the survivors are transformed into previvors of a future disaster. Sacco suggests that resilience, then, is not a good thing after all because it opens up already embedded vulnerability to greater exposure and an uncertain, but not secure, future.
Journal Article