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Groundwater pumping from wells, together with water uses such as agricultural irrigation have been converting formerly open groundwater basins into closed systems that accumulate total dissolved solids (TDS). This process of anthropogenic basin closure and salinization (ABCSal) would appear to pose a threat to groundwater sustainability that is at least as formidable as groundwater overdraft and contamination from the surface, yet has been little explored. Models of groundwater flow and solute transport herein show that groundwater basin openness itself should be considered a primary determinant of sustainability. Results show that groundwater basin closure is a threshold condition that sets the aquifer system on a path of increasing salinity that can only be halted by opening the basin. Further, the magnitude of groundwater pumping and degree of basin closure significantly influence the spatial distribution of salinity. In open basins, salinity approaches dynamic equilibrium over long‐term conditions. Stratification of higher‐TDS groundwater overlying lower‐TDS groundwater occurs below farmlands whose irrigation‐supplying wells are impacted by irrigation return flow from upstream farmlands, and act to redistribute relatively saline groundwater to the land surface. More intensive pumping leads to groundwater basin closure and more vertically‐oriented groundwater flow toward pumping wells. TDS retainment in the basin and repeated well capture, re‐distribution as irrigation water, and evapoconcentration lead to progressive salinization. Regardless of basin closure status, fresh recharge protects nearby downstream portions of the basin from salinization, indicating that managing or limiting the spread of contaminated groundwater may be achieved via managed aquifer recharge of good quality water. Plain Language Summary This paper presents hydrologic basin openness, the degree to which inflow of groundwater is balanced by non‐evaporative outflow, as a new criteria for groundwater sustainability. Water use practices such as irrigation and groundwater pumping have in many cases been reducing groundwater basin openness, promoting accumulation of dissolved intrabasin salts. State‐of‐the‐art but simple groundwater models demonstrate the spatiotemporal dynamics of this Anthropogenic Basin Closure and groundwater Salinization (ABCSal) process. Simulations show that significant salinization with total dissolved solids concentration exceeding 1,000 to 6,000 mg/L can occur in large portions of a basin within two to six centuries. Strength of pumping and the degree of basin closure significantly influence spatial extent and organization of zones with different salinities. Structured salinization zones and relatively low salinity levels downstream of fresh recharge areas indicate viable water management strategies (e.g., managed aquifer recharge of good quality water) for coping with ABCSal consequences. However, maintaining sufficient groundwater basin openness is required to avoid ABCSal, necessitating a different paradigm of integrated water resources management with much greater emphasis on subsurface storage of water and more modern and intensive monitoring of the groundwater system state to ensure a sustainable evolution trajectory of both groundwater quantity and quality. Key Points Groundwater pumping and irrigation cause progressive groundwater salinization that can be halted only by maintaining enough basin openness Groundwater development strength influences groundwater flow pattern and salt load, and ultimately, the salinization pattern and intensity Distinct zones of different salinity levels establish under open and closed basin status

Delineation of groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) has been performed for a coastal groundwater basin of eastern India. The groundwater potential zone index (GWPZI) map is generated by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) from different influencing features, e.g., Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC), soil (S), geomorphology (GM), hydrogeology (HG), surface geology (SG), recharge rate (RR), drainage density (DD), rainfall (RF), slope (Sl), surface water bodies (SW), lineament density (LD), and Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI). Recharge rate values are estimated from hydrological water balance model. Overlay weighted sum method is used to integrate all thematic feature maps to generate GWPZ map of the study area. Four zones have been identified for the coastal groundwater basin [very good: 36.39 % (273.53 km 2 , good: 43.57 % (327.47 km 2 ), moderate: 18.27 % (137.30 km 2 ), and poor: 1.77 % (13.27 km 2 )]. Areas in north to south-west and south-east direction show very good GWPZ due to the presence of low drainage density. GWPZ map and well yield values show good agreement. Sensitivity analysis reveals that exclusion/absence of rainfall and lineament density increases the poor groundwater potential zones. Omission of hydrogeology, soils, surface geology, and NDVI show maximum increase in good GWPZ. Obtained GWPZ map can be utilized effectively for planning of sustainable agriculture. This analysis demonstrates the potential applicability of the methodology for a general coastal groundwater basin.

Water pollution in the Vam Co River basin is becoming more complicated due to untreated wastewater being directly discharged into rivers and canals from agricultural, industrial, and domestic activities. To assess the water quality in this area, this study conducted monitoring at ten sampling locations (S1-S10) from 2018 to 2022, calculated the Water Quality Index (WQI) for each parameter, and simulated water quality in 2022 using the 1D- MIKE 11 model developed by DHI with two main modules including HD and AD. The findings showed that most parameters did not surpass the allowable limits per QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT on Vietnam National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality. However, organic and microbial pollution led to certain parameters, such as BOD5, COD, and Coliform, exceeding the limits. The lowest water quality was recorded in Long An province, especially at sampling locations S3, S4, and S6, with the average WQI for nine water quality parameters from February to July 2022 being 58.4, 67.8, and 21.1, respectively. Additionally, the simulation outcomes of the MIKE 11 model salinity, BOD5, DO, and NH4 aligned with the real measurements taken. It has been observed that the southern area of the Vam Co River Basin possesses poorer water quality than the northern part, with Long An province located downstream of the Vam Co River basin being the primary source of pollution. The development of this hydraulic model signifies a crucial milestone in comprehending and regulating the effects of pollution in monitoring and managing water management systems, controlling saline intrusion, and ensuring water supply for agricultural production and daily use in the Vam Co River basin.

This working manual provides complete information on the technical aspects of designing, building, and maintaining waterwise landscapes in the Mountain West. Written particularly for professionals, including landscape designers, architects, contractors, and maintenance and irrigation specialists, it has an attractive, well-illustrated, user-friendly format that will make it useful as well to DIY homeowners and to educators, plant retailers, extension agents, and many others. The manual is organized according to landscape principles that are adapted to the climate of the intermountain region. Beginning with planning and design, the topical principles proceed through soil preparation, appropriate plant selection, practicalities of turfgrass, use of mulch, and irrigation planning, winding up with landscape maintenance. Designed for onsite, handy use, the book is illustrated with color images of landscapes, plants, and materials. Tables, charts, diagrams, landscape plans, plant lists, checklists, and other graphic resources are scattered throughout the manual, which is written in an accessible but information-rich style.Water-Efficient Landscaping in the Intermountain Westanswers, more comprehensively than any other single book, the need for professional information that addresses both growing awareness of the necessity for water conservation and the desire for beautiful, healthy yards and properties.

In 2021, Ngawi district became the largest rice producer in East Java. Groundwater is the main water source used for irrigation purposes. Lack of management for developing necessary irrigation wells has resulted in uncontrolled groundwater use, potentially reducing groundwater quantity and quality. This study aims to analyze groundwater vulnerability zones. An assessment was conducted using the Aplis and Foster methods, and their parameter classes can be customized to match the conditions of the research area. The Aplis method considers five parameters: altitude (A), slope (P), lithology (L), infiltration (I), and soil (S). The Foster method considers four parameters: aquifer response characteristics (RA), aquifer storage characteristics (DS), aquifer thickness (s), and groundwater depth (h). The vulnerability values obtained using the Aplis method ranged from 30 to 131 and were divided into four classes: low, moderate, high, and very high. The Vulnerability values obtained using the Foster method ranged from 10 to 15 for the low and moderate classes. A non-technical approach through the strict application of permits and restrictions on groundwater usage is a basis for formulating policies related to groundwater management in the research area.

The hydrological observation network in the Amazon basin is made of conventional rainfall and water level stations presently maintained by the Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), the National Agency for Waters. The water level network has long been plagued by difficulties associated with spatial coverage, timely delivery and data errors. Satellite observations are important means for providing hydrologic data with acceptable spatial and temporal resolution, and radar altimeters embarked onboard successive satellites since the early 1970s collect measurements of water level over rivers in a well-defined geodetic reference frame and can be used to address some of these problems. Nowadays, satellite altimetry can be used to collect the time variations of the water levels over many rivers throughout the word, as long as the reach are several hundred meters wide. This ability is particularly interesting in ungauge basins but it can also be used as an independent source of information to cross-check existing gauge series. In the present study, we focus on examples from the Amazon basin where radar altimetry has been used to provide an independent dataset that can be used to support the management of hydrological observation networks by including new data together with conventional field data,

Pasuruan Regency is one of the areas in East Java that has grown into a medium to large scale of industrial area. Most of these are food and beverage factories that require large amounts of water. Groundwater is the main choice in meeting the need for clean water, because it is better quality than surface water. The entire Pasuruan Regency is included in the Pasuruan Groundwater Basin which is classified as very productive, because of the recharge area is on the high rainfall zone. This paper discusses the results of research on the geometric shape of aquifers in areas where there is a meeting between fresh water and brackish water, also show that the geometry of the aquifer, as well as the boundary between freshwater and saltwater. The research was conducted using the geoelectrical resistivity method in the Rembang and Bangil District areas, with the VES (Vertical Electrical Sounding) measurement method, also based on data from groundwater quality testing in several drilled wells. The result of the research shows that brackish water is indicated by a zone with very low resistivity. Furthermore, this is in accordance with the results of water quality test.

Assessing spatiotemporal water storage variability in the Great Lakes Watershed (GLW) is critical given its transboundary status impacting both Canada and the United States. Here, we apply a novel inversion strategy to global positioning system (GPS) vertical movements to achieve high spatial resolution total water storage (TWS) variations in GLW through improved processing. The steps are composed of removing load changes driven by the lake water fluctuation by forward modeling, isolating the Great Lakes grids to solve the ill‐conditioned problem in inversion, and inverting the GPS residual series to estimate TWS variations on land (TWSGPS). The results show that the regional dense continuous GPS observation network can successfully resolve TWS on land at monthly timescales with 30–45 km spatial resolution. We also could effectively capture fine‐scale TWS features than GRACE/GFO mascon products. GRACE/GFO satellites largely underestimate seasonal and long‐term TWS spatial fluctuations, but their temporal patterns coincide with those from GPS. The average annual amplitude of TWSGPS on land reaches 82.0 mm, greatly exceeding estimates from GRACE/GFO (∼48.0 mm) and composite hydrological model outputs (∼62.0 mm). The seasonal groundwater fluctuations inferred from GPS have peak‐to‐peak amplitudes of ∼40 km3 with the maximum around September. This coincides with that from GRACE/GFO. However, the magnitudes and phases of groundwater storage from GPS vary markedly among the subbasins in GLW, and the different snow and soil moisture amounts measured in each subbasin cause discrepancies among these GPS estimates. This study shows the value of GPS data in spatially downscaling GRACE/GFO data and providing high‐resolution output at spatiotemporal scales with low latency. Key Points A new inversion strategy for Total Water Storage (TWS) was applied to global positioning system (GPS) data by first removing lake water driven load through forward modeling GRACE/GFO TWS underestimates spatial patterns of seasonal and long‐term TWS fluctuations but coincides with temporal TWS patterns from GPS data GPS provides high spatiotemporal resolution in TWS relative to GRACE/GFO and improved understanding water storage dynamics in Great Lakes Watershed

Jakarta is the center of Indonesia’s economy and development. However, the city of Jakarta suffers from many problems related to groundwater, and good groundwater governance is needed to realize groundwater sustainability. Groundwater management can be initiated by undertaking conceptual and numerical groundwater modeling. This paper reviews several previous studies related to groundwater modeling of the Jakarta groundwater basin that have provided information about the groundwater system and groundwater quantity. However, improvements are required for any further studies. The critical challenges to providing a complete picture of the groundwater conditions in the Jakarta groundwater basin are the availability of reliable data and improved groundwater flow models.