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Globalization, financial liberalization and neo-liberal economic policy thinking have been seen as contributors to the demise of social partnership in Western Europe. Recent examples of the re-emergence of social pacts have challenged these assumptions. The book offers a theoretical understanding of the challenges that increasing monetary integration posed for existing modes of adjustment in the political economies of EU member states, and explains why many governments have chosen to negotiate with trade unions over economic adjustment.

The European Union (EU) has been building its security and defense policy since the 1990s. The evolution of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) process has affected the non-EU European NATO members' position in the European security architecture. The differences in the compositions of NATO and EU members have created undesired issues. As a staunch NATO member and an accession country to the EU, Turkey has also been affected by the developments in the CSDP. This article takes Turkey as a case study in analyzing the state of affairs of the involvement of non-EU European NATO members in the CSDP.

This article does not analyse events in the Middle East. It is concerned with the structural background of the Suez Crisis. The Cold War bargain of 1949-50, and thus the Western bloc architecture, was challenged in 1956 and 1962-63. The Suez Crisis and the SKYBOLT Affair are classic examples of intra-bloc conflict. This article focuses on inter-allied conflict during the Suez Crisis. The crisis year 1956 witnessed a European challenge to the bipolar order of the Cold War. It is the hypothesis of this article that the mystique of the Suez Crisis unravels, if the events are interpreted as a clash of conflicting world views. The article attempts to enhance our understanding of the crisis by exploring the impact of the formation of a European core on the transatlantic pluralistic security community. The article will thus re-evaluate the architectural debate within the Western partial system. It is the aim to shed new light on the almost unexplored European foreign-policy co-operation within the Western European Union (WEU) in the crisis year 1956.

NATO's future is again the subject of speculation and debate despite its having fought a recent and apparently successful war in Kosovo. This article proposes that there are three aspects to this challenge. First, NATO is facing a series of dilemmas in its relations with non-members: how should it manage relations with Russia, and with the applicants for membership? The authors argue that NATO should seek to develop a consolidationist posture. The second challenge is that of developing an EU-NATO partnership in the light of the Helsinki Headline Goals. This, it is proposed, can be developed through a division of labour. The third task, that of military restructuring, is overshadowed by the complexities of processing a working European military structure. In conclusion, the authors suggest that a strategy for the alliance, a key component of the Cold War, but subsequently lost, can be refashioned from the above elements.

Discusses European Council decision at the Dec. 1999 Helsinki Summit to grant Turkey a European Union candidate country status; argues that an important reason for this was potential benefits of Turkish inclusion in the EU's Common European Security and Defense Policy (CESDP).

AT THE EUROPEAN UNION'S HELSINKI SUMMIT IN DECEMBER 1999, EUROPEAN LEADERS TOOK A DECISIVE STEP TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW COMMON EUROPEAN SECURITY AND DEFENSE POLICY, AIMED AT GIVING THE EU A STRONGER ROLE IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS BACKED BY A CREDIBLE MILITARY FORCE. THIS ARTICLE ANALYZES THE PROCESS LEADING TO HELSINKI BY EXAMINING WHY AND HOW THIS NEW EUROPEAN CONSENSUS ON DEFENSE ISSUES HAS COME ABOUT, WHAT NATIONAL INTERESTS AND DRIVING FORCES ARE BEHIND IT, AND WHAT STEPS STILL NEED TO BE TAKEN TO REALIZE AMBITIONS TO ACHIEVE A WORKABLE EUROPEAN CRISIS MANAGEMENT CAPACITY. PARTICULAR ATTENTION IS PAID TO THE IMPLICATIONS OF AN EMERGING EUROPEAN DEFENSE SYSTEM FOR THE FUTURE OF THE TRANS-ATLANTIC RELATIONSHIP WITH NATO. THE ARTICLE CONCLUDES THAT ALTHOUGH THE TRANS-ATLANTIC RELATIONSHIP MAY HAVE REACHED ANOTHER OF ITS INFAMOUS \"CROSSROADS,\" THERE IS NO REASON TO ASSUME THE DAWN OF AN ERA OF \"TRANS-ATLANTIC TROUBLES.\"