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"WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME"
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The 'donations for decreased ALT (D4D)' prosocial behavior incentive scheme for NAFLD patients
Background Physicians often experience difficulties in motivating patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to undergo lifestyle changes. The aim of this study is to examine whether 'Donations for Decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT)' (D4D) prosocial behavior incentive can serve as an effective intrinsic motivational factor in comparison with conventional dietary and exercise intervention alone for NAFLD patients. Methods Twenty-five NAFLD patients with elevated ALT were randomly assigned to a control group that received conventional dietary and exercise intervention alone, or a donation group whereby, as an incentive, we would make a monetary donation to the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) based on the decrease in their ALT levels achieved over 12 weeks, in addition to receiving control intervention. In a donation group, we would donate US$1 to the WFP for every 1 IU/I of decrease in their ALT levels. Results There were no differences of pre-treatment clinical characteristics between the two groups. Significant reductions of ALT levels were achieved only in a donation group, although post-treatment ALT levels were not different between the two groups. These patients raised a total of $316 for the WFP. Conclusions Promoting patients' intrinsic motivation by incorporating 'D4D' prosocial behavior incentive into conventional dietary and exercise intervention may provide a means to improve NAFLD.
Journal Article
Malnutrition and food insecurity in northern Nigeria: an insight into the United Nations World Food Program (WFP) in Nigeria
Malnutrition and food insecurity are two major diseases combating human development in Nigeria as they cause poor infant development, deteriorating maternal and child health, weaker immune systems, risky pregnancy and childbirth. This paper provides an in-depth overview of the implementation, impact, benefits and costs of the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), in relation to malnutrition and food insecurity, in northern Nigeria. The primary purpose of the WFP is to meet the immediate food and nutrition needs of those most exposed to acute hunger. However, some of the challenges include conflict and insecurity, rising inflation and the impact of climate crisis. These challenges are been tackled through works at the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, with targeted emergency responses with a view to a sustainable food security for all, which aligns with various partnerships and collaborations. With a comprehensive approach that spans emergency response, long-term development, and humanitarian services through supplementary feeding, nutrition education and capacity building, the WFP has made a significant impact in improving the lives of millions of Nigerians facing the challenges of poverty, conflict, and climate change. Although, there was an increase in food inflation and under-nourishment in Nigeria, the operations of the WFP was positive and significant in contributing to human development in northern Nigeria. It is recommended that the WFP, in collaboration with the government, private sector and other humanitarian agencies, provide a more robust and holistic food assistance and skills development to hunger prone areas in Nigeria. Furthermore, the WEP should provide the necessary support for food production in Nigeria through youth-inclusive and reliable marketing strategies in rural areas.
Journal Article
Assessment of the World Food Programme summer camps in Lebanon: a model of effective interventions for vulnerable adolescents
The World Food Programme (WFP) offers yearly health and nutrition summer camps hosting vulnerable Syrian and Lebanese children and aiming at improving physical, mental and social well-being while contributing to better social cohesion. The present study aimed to assess the 2019 WFP summer camps’ effectiveness in reaching the intended outcomes and to provide recommendations for improvement. A multi-method approach using (1) quantitative student pre-/post-surveys (n 443), (2) focus group discussions and (3) key informant interviews and surveys (n 42) was adopted. Mean test results showed improvements in nutrition (4·79 (sd 1·9) v. 5·34 (sd 2·7); t(269) = 4·51, P = 0·000) and life skills knowledge (4·97 (sd 1·9) v. 5·55 (sd 2); t(294) = 4·52, P = 0·000) but no improvement in health knowledge and social cohesion scores. Qualitative data revealed positive changes in social cohesion and an increase in health knowledge. In addition, there was a positive attitude towards the summer camps from students, instructors and administrators specifically regarding the integrated content, snacks and atmosphere of fun and learning. The main weaknesses identified were the short time to prepare for the camps, shortage in instructor training and short camp duration. There were also points of debate regarding sexual and reproductive health-related topics and how they should be delivered. All in all, the camps were shown to be a commendable initiative for incorporating an integrated and holistic approach in the support of education and development among vulnerable children and adolescents.
Journal Article
Portfolio analysis of contributions to World Food Programme of Korea and France: focusing on Korean multi-bi aid
The multi-bi aid from donor governments has been increasing due to its unique attributes. It allows the donors to control their aid spending and potentially influence the multilateral activities. Of the current members of the Development Assistance Committee, this study focuses on Korea and its multi-bi contribution to the World Food Programme (WFP). The contribution portfolio of Korea is analyzed and compared with that of France. The two countries are comparable for their similar size of the total contribution to WFP during the study period. This analysis observes differences in Korean and French approaches to their WFP multi-bi and the results indicate Korea spread its multi-bi across various aid types, sectors and regions through a multi-agency implementing channel. Korea showed little preferential aid towards its bilateral priority countries with its WFP multi-bi. On the other hand, France focused on a specific aid type, sector, and region through a unified implementing channel. France indicated its preference towards its bilateral priority countries with its WFP multi-bi. Given the current contribution size, Korea can be more efficient with its WFP multi-bi by prioritizing aid types, sectors and regions and unifying its implementing channel.
Journal Article
School Feeding Programs: What Happens Globally?
School feeding programs (SFPs) are an important effort to address food insecurity, improve nutritional education, and ultimately improve health outcomes. The objective of this research was to describe the nutritional, cultural, food safety, and agro-family participation of SFPs in different countries and observe the SFP in low-middle and high-income countries to establish disparities. The study followed documentary research of SFP official online resources complemented by a literature review. The programs were assessed in four criteria: (1) nutritional aspects, (2) cultural aspects, (3) food safety, and (4) agro-family participation. Out of 192 countries registered, 117 countries (60.93%) have an SFP, and only 8 (4.16%) do not have SFPs. A total of 67 countries (34.89%) did not have an official online resource and did not respond to follow-up emails. Out of the 117 countries with SFP, all of them had a detailed description of their nutritional aspects, cultural aspects (11.96%), food safety (16.23%), and agro-family participation (23.93%). Europe and Central Asia were the continents with the most comprehensive SFP. While most countries incorporate nutritional aspects and healthy food, cultural, food safety, and agro-family participation must be incorporated in their SPF to optimize children and adolescent development. Moreover, the study identified disparities across countries where the SFPs were identified in low-middle countries compared to middle- and high-income countries.
Journal Article
Rethinking school feeding
This review was prepared jointly by the World Bank Group and the World Food Programme (WFP), building on the comparative advantages of both organizations. It examines the evidence base for school feeding programs with the objective of better understanding how to develop and implement effective school feeding programs in two contexts: a productive safety net, as part of the response to the social shocks of the global food, fuel and financial crises, and a fiscally sustainable investment in human capital, as part of long-term global efforts to achieve Education for All and provide social protection to the poor.
eBook
Enlarging the donor base: an analysis of the World Food Programme’s reform process and the Brazilian bridge diplomacy
Brazil became one of the world's largest food donors after the WFP went through a reform process. The reform allowed non-traditional donors to donate food provided that other partners paid for logistical costs. We analyzed the reform process through documental analysis and interviews to understand Brazil's role in this. The results show that both actors had complementary interests. However, whilst Brazil had ambitions of prominence in this area, it adopted a rule-taker position. The WFP's Secretariat was the main driving force in the process and, to some extent, co-opted Brazil. Keywords: Humanitarian Cooperation; Emerging Donors; World Food Programme; Brazilian Foreign Policy; Graduation Dilemma.
Journal Article
The world bank group and the global food crisis
The unanticipated spike in international food prices in 2007-08 hit many developing countries hard. International prices for food and other agricultural products increased by more than 100 percent between early 2007 and mid-2008. Prices for food cereals more than doubled; and those for rice doubled in the space of just a few months. The food price increases were particularly hard on the poor and near-poor in developing countries, many of whom spend a large share of their income on food and have limited means to cope with price shocks. An estimated 1.29 billion people in 2008 lived on less than $1.25 a day, equivalent to 22.4 percent of the developing world population. In addition, the Food and Agriculture Organization estimated that 923 million people were undernourished in 2007. Simulation models suggested that poverty rose by 100-200 million people and the undernourished increased by 63 million in 2008. The World Bank organized rapidly for short-term support in the crisis, launching a fast-track program of loans and grants, the Global Food Crisis Response Program (GFRP). The GFRP mainly targeted low-income countries, and provided detailed policy advice to governments and its own staff on how to respond to the crisis. The Bank also scaled up lending for agriculture and social protection to support the building of medium-term resilience to future food price shocks. The International Finance Corporation responded by sharply increasing access to liquidity for agribusinesses and agricultural traders in the short and medium term, as well as new programs to improve incentives for agricultural market participants. This evaluation assesses the effectiveness of the World Bank Group response in addressing the short-term impacts of the food price crisis and in enhancing the resilience of countries to future shocks.
eBook