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We explore the tourism and the geographical and cultural context of the Wadi Rum region of Jordan, which integrates a rich history and stunning natural landscapes. Tourism began in Wadi Rum after the creation of the State of Jordan in 1946. Due to the geological importance of the region, Wadi Rum was included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage nature reserves, which increased tourism to the region. The beauty of the landscape and its historical significance has attracted the attention of cinema, most notably the films Lawrence of Arabia and Mars. The results highlight the great importance of the tourism sector in Wadi Rum and Jordan, especially for employment generation. We also note the particular impact of the international political situation in the Middle East environment on Wadi Rum and Jordan. Exploramos el turismo y el contexto geográfico y cultural de la región jordana de Wadi Rum, que integra una rica historia e impresionantes paisajes naturales. El turismo comenzó en Wadi Rum tras la creación del estado de Jordania en 1946. Debido a la importancia geológica de la región, Wadi Rum se incluyó en la lista de reservas naturales del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO, lo que incrementó el turismo en la región. La belleza del paisaje y su importancia histórica han atraído la atención del cine, sobre todo de las películas Lawrence de Arabia y Marte. Los resultados ponen de relieve la gran importancia del sector turístico en Wadi Rum y Jordania, en especial para la generación de empleo. También, señalamos la especial repercusión que tienen los impactos de la situación política internacional del entorno de Oriente Próximo en Wadi Rum y Jordania.

This research will look at numerous fundamental geomorphology ideas, with a focus on geomorphological systems. Geomorphology researchers use a variety of landscape evolution models, with the assumption that unstable landscape equilibria evolve quickly. We investigate the relationship between geomorphological concepts and ecosystem dynamics, with a particular focus on categorizing plant groups based on various landform features observed in southern Jordan. By conducting research in this region, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of previous scholarly discussions surrounding Wadi Rum, specifically in the context of geomorphology. Furthermore, we must integrate geomorphological references with socioeconomic research, given their inextricable link to community activities and development. This research used a geomorphological technique to thoroughly examine and assess the physical and ecological attributes of the Wadi Rum Protected Area. The research used both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to provide a thorough understanding of the geomorphological structures and processes affecting the area. The researchers performed a comprehensive content an alysis of current scientific literature, concentrating on geomorphological characteristics and their interaction with ecosystems. This study established a theoretical framework and criteria for articulating field observations, providing insights into the d egree and scale of temporal change. The diverse geomorphological features play important roles in shaping and influencing local ecosystems. According to established theories, the unique characteristics of landforms offer valuable insights, as they emerg e from a lengthy process of morphogenesis, or landscape evolution. This makes them ideal for analysis when formulating recommendations for sustainable development, which considers the unique qualities of landforms. The researchers utilized Global Mapper and AutoCAD for geospatial data analysis, digital terrain modeling, and accurate topographic mapping, aiding geomorphological analysis and sustainable development planning. We should avoid uncontrolled and unsustainable development to preserve the area's landform characteristics for future generation.

One of the biggest sources of water pollution is dyestuff manufacturing waste. There are numerous techniques that have been used to clean up contaminated water. Currently, the simplest and most effective approach is adsorption using sand, a cheap, plentiful, and environmentally benign adsorbent. Under several experimental setups, the adsorption of Methylene blue on Wadi Rum desert sand was investigated. Investigations were conducted on the effects of Methylene blue concentration, Wadi Rum desert sand mass used as an adsorbent, contact time, temperature, and pH. The linear versions of the Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich isotherm models were used to examine the experimental data, which demonstrated a satisfactory fit with the Freundlich equation for MB adsorption. To evaluate the kinetics of the adsorption process, pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intra-particle diffusion were used. According to the correlation coefficients for each kinetic equation, the pseudo-second order kinetic equation with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 provided the best fit for the adsorption kinetics. Gibb’s free energy (∆ G °), enthalpy (∆ H °), and entropy (∆ S °), three thermodynamic parameters, were calculated to be –6.345 kJ mol –1 , –23.860 kJ mol –1 , and ‒60.595 J mol –1 K –1 , respectively, for the adsorption process. These results demonstrate that the MB adsorption on the desert sand of Wadi Rum was exothermic and spontaneous in nature. Additionally, findings from the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that methylene blue dye ions were deposited on the sand particles.

This research examines the significance of ecosystems and their restoration in local or landscape-level management, using a case study of the Wadi Rum eco-region in southern Jordan. It emphasizes the need for nature-based solutions in light of considerable worldwide ecological deterioration. Aims: As global environmental degradation accelerates, ecosystem restoration has emerged as a critical strategy to combat land degradation, biodiversity loss, and climate change. This research investigates the role of ecosystem restoration as a nature-based solution (NbS) through a case study of the Wadi Rum Protected Area (WRPA) in southern Jordan. The aim is to assess restoration efforts in Wadi Rum, evaluate their effectiveness, and derive lessons to inform sustainable restoration practices globally. Method: The study employs a case study methodology, combining multiple site visits over five years with extensive literature review and stakeholder interviews. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were integrated, including ecological and socio-economic data collection, GIS-based geographical analysis, and participatory methods involving local communities. Key ecological indicators and restoration practices were monitored and evaluated to determine the effectiveness and sustainability of interventions. Results: Findings reveal that Wadi Rum's ecosystems face critical threats from tourism, aquifer depletion, overgrazing, and climate change. Despite these challenges, several passive and active restoration techniques, such as habitat protection and community engagement initiatives, have shown promising results. Ecological indicators such as biodiversity distribution, soil stability, and community participation rates have improved in areas under active restoration. Geographical mapping highlighted zones of significant environmental change and areas where restoration efforts yielded the greatest impact. Interpretation: The research demonstrates that integrating ecological restoration within a broader NbS framework can significantly enhance ecosystem resilience and community well-being. Success in Wadi Rum underscores the importance of community participation, adaptive management, and the integration of socio-economic benefits into restoration projects. These insights offer scalable models for ecological restoration in other arid and semi-arid regions globally, emphasizing that sustainable outcomes depend on interdisciplinary approaches and localized, inclusive practices.

This paper aims to explore the relationship between tourist experience and place attachment in a desert tourism experience. The current study was carried out with a sample of international and domestic visitors in Wadi Rum, Southern Jordan. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the nearby constructs of the study units such as the four tourist experience dimensions (education, esthetics, entertainment, and escapism), and the two dimensional place attachments measures (place identity and place dependence). Moreover, the findings also indicate that education factor had a significantly positive relationship with place identity, and there was a significantly positive relationship between escapism factor and place dependence. The findings can be used to develop the tourist experience and place attachment in the context of desert tourism experience. They further help tourism destinations managers, planners and marketers to provide appropriate marketing strategies and enrich their offers to desert tourism participants.

The Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of Ayn Abū Nukhayla (Wadi Rum, Jordan) contains large structural installations defined by rock walls (loci) that are interconnected and differ in design and construction. One of the questions that arose from their study was how to identify possible herding and agricultural activities and their spatial relationship to the architecture of the site. The combined study of phytoliths and spherulites identified from Locus 2 and Locus 20 and of a dry lake (Qa') located 1,3 km east of the site is presented here. Different uses are traced for the two loci. Locus 2 appears to have served as a residential structure accompanied by domestic activities that included cereal grinding and preparation of other plant resources. In contrast, Locus 20 seems to have been used as apen for herding animals (sheep/goat) in conjunction with other activities. The Qa' sediments provide a well dated succession with phytolith, spherulite, pollen and diatom data. Le site néolithique pré-céramique de Abu Nukhayla (Wadi Rum, Jordan) est caractérisé par la présence de grandes structures délimitées par des murs de pierres (loci). Tous les loci sont en relation et chacun se différencie par son plan et par sa construction. Its 'agit de structures semi-enterrées. Une des questions posées pendant la réalisation des travaux archéologiques a été de tenter d'identifier leurs fonctions possibles ainsi que de trouver des vestiges d'autre nature mettant en évidence des pratiques agricoles et d'élevage. Ainsi, il est intéressant de mettre en relation les différentes fonctions des loci, leurs morphologies et leurs localisations dans le site. Les résultats obtenus à l'issue de l'étude conjointe des phytolithes et des sphérolithes dans deux loci (locus 2 et locus 20) sont présentés. Ces deux loci sont situés en deux endroits séparés, les blocs I et II. L'identification de sphérolithes d'origine fécale informe sur la mise en oeuvre de pratiques pastorales alors que l'étude des phytolithes indique la présence de végétaux dans chaque structure et leur utilisation éventuelle dans le cadre de pratiques agricoles : activité de mouture ou engrais naturels (excréments d'animaux herbivores). Une troisième zone (Qa'), localisée à 1,3 km à l'est du site, a été étudiée pour identifier le type de végétation présent, son évolution au cours du temps et la relation de ces restes avec les dynamiques de sédimentation. L'étude des phytolithes et des sphérolithes identifiés dans les deux loci a permis de reconnaître des fonctions différentes pour chacun. Le locus 2 est une structure résidentielle dans laquelle ont été mises en oeuvre des activités domestiques en relation avec la mouture des céréales et la préparation d'autres ressources végétales dont le but nous échappe pour l'instant. Le locus 20 a été interprété comme une structure dans laquelle les animaux (chèvres et moutons) ont été parqués et un traitement des céréales réalisé. Les résultats obtenus de l'étude de la zone Qa' croisés avec ceux des pollens et des diatomées apportent des informations stratigraphiques sur la composition végétale du sol qui est dominée par les petits buissons.

In this provocative examination of collective identity in Jordan, Linda Layne challenges long-held Western assumptions that Arabs belong to easily recognizable corporate social groups. Who is a \"true\" Jordanian? Who is a \"true\" Bedouin? These questions, according to Layne, are examples of a kind of pigeonholing that has distorted the reality of Jordanian national politics. In developing an alternate approach, she shows that the fluid social identities of Jordan emerge from an ongoing dialogue among tribespeople, members of the intelligentsia, Hashemite rulers, and Western social scientists. Many commentators on social identity in the Middle East limit their studies to the village level, but Layne's goal is to discover how the identity-building processes of the locality and of the nation condition each other. She finds that the tribes create their own cultural \"homes\" through a dialogue with official nationalist rhetoric and Jordanian urbanites, while King Hussein, in turn, maintains the idea of the \"homeland\" in ways that are powerfully influenced by the tribespeople. The identities so formed resemble the shifting, irregular shapes of postmodernist land-scapes--but Hussein and the Jordanian people are also beginning to use a classically modernist linear narrative to describe themselves. Layne maintains, however, that even with this change Jordanian identities will remain resistant to all-or-nothing descriptions.

Au Moyen-Orient, les projets de protection de l'environnement appliquent-ils les principes de participation des populations locales et de co-gestion des ressources naturelles? Les différentes parties sont-elles capables de développer une relation de confiance et de coopérer dans la planification et la réalisation de projets qui soient économiquement soutenables? La réponse est négative si l'on en juge par l'exemple de la réserve du Wadi Rum en Jordanie où un volet tourisme a engendré un intense conflit d'intérêts entre la communauté bédouine locale et les agences chargées de la mise en oeuvre. Cet article développe l'argument selon lequel le conflit était inévitable car la question de l'implication des communautés locales n'a été envisagée que sous l'angle socio-économique, et car planificateurs et maîtres d'oeuvre ont privilégié une approche par le haut. Les communautés locales en ont été marginalisées et leur pouvoir de décision affaibli. Elles ont réagi en faisant obstruction à certaines mesures de protection de l'environnement auxquelles elles n'étaient pas opposées en principe. Les institutions supranationales qui financent les projets de protection de l'environnement ont développé des mécanismes visant à limiter les effets dommageables de ces projets sur les populations locales, tout particulièrement dans des contextes politiques autoritaires. Au Moyen-Orient, les directives relatives aux populations autochtones devraient être appliquées à certains groupes bédouins ruraux. Alors seulement on pourra considérer que la région est en phase avec les dernières tendances socio-économiques en matière de protection de l'environnement. ¿En Oriente Medio, aplican los proyectos de protección del medio ambiente los principios de participación de las poblaciones locales así como los principios de co-gestión de los recursos naturales?¿Son capaces los distintos interesados, institucionales y los de las bases, de desarrollar una relación de confianza y de cooperar al planificar y realizar proyectos de conservación económicamente sostenibles? A juzgar por el ejemplo de la reserva de Wadi Rum en Jordania donde una sección turismo provocó un conflicto de intereses intenso entre la comunidad beduina local y las agencias encargadas de la implementación, la respuesta es negativa. Este artículo sostiene que este conflicto era inevitable porque la question de la implicación de las comunidades locales no fue abordada más que desde el punto de vista socio-económico y porque los planificadores así como los que pusieron en práctica esta implementación adoptaron un método por lo alto. Por haber dejado de lado el aspecto político y cultural del proyecto de conservación, las comunidades locales fueron puestas al margen de la sociedad y despojadas de sus derechos. Éstas reaccionaron dificultando medidas de protección a las que, en principio, no se oponían. Las instituciones supranacionales que finanzan los proyectos de protección han desarrollado mecanismos que pretenden limitar los efectos adversos de estos proyectos sobre las poblaciones locales, particularmente en contextos políticos autoritarios. En Oriente Medio, las líneas directrices acerca de las poblaciones autóctonas deberían ser aplicadas a ciertos grupos beduinos rurales. Una vez este hecho realizado, podrá considerarse que la región sintoniza con las áltimas tendencias socio-económicas en materia de protección medioambiental.