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"Walrus Social aspects."
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At the edge: High Arctic Walrus hunters during the Little Ice Age
A multi-disciplinary study of settlement in north-east Greenland found that life in this High Arctic zone was actually favoured by the climate brought in by the Little Ice Age (fifteenth–nineteenth century). Extensive ice cover meant high mobility, and the rare polynyas — small patches of permanently open coastal water — provided destinations, like oases, where huge numbers of migrating marine mammals and birds congregated. One such place was Walrus Island on Sirius Water, a veritable processing plant for walrus, where every spring Thule people stocked up meat supplies that would get the rest of the region through the winter. It was a further drop in the temperature in the mid nineteenth century that led to the region being abandoned.
Journal Article
Twice Removed: King Islanders' Experience of \Community\ through Two Relocations
The relocation and displacement of indigenous peoples due to Western colonization and natural disasters is common throughout the world, with detrimental effects on cultural cohesion, maintenance of tradition, and physical and psychological health. This article examines the special case of the King Island Native Community for whom displacement and relocation happened twice in 20 years: the first a gradual relocation from their island home in the Bering Strait to a shanty town east of Nome, Alaska, in the mid-20th century and the second due to a storm surge that destroyed their homes at East End. While outsiders might predict that leaving their island home was worse than moving to Nome, King Islanders instead remember East End as a place of community closeness and cohesion. This article examines King Islanders' sense of community. We argue that policymakers should allow communities to decide for themselves what the most important elements of their \"community\" are, especially since climate change may cause displacement and relocation of many communities in Alaska and in the world. For King Islanders, physical proximity is one key element, which we explore here.
Journal Article