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The business strategy of Booker T. Washington
Michael Boston offers a radical departure from other interpretations of Booker T. Washington by focusing on the latter's business ideas and practices.
More specifically, Boston examines Washington as an entrepreneur, spelling out his business philosophy at great length and discussing the influence it had on black America. He analyzes the national and regional economies in which Washington worked and focuses on his advocacy of black business development as the key to economic uplift for African Americans.
The result is a revisionist book that responds to the skewed literature on Washington even as it offers a new framework for understanding him. Based upon a deep reading of the Tuskegee archives, it acknowledges Washington not only as a champion of black business development but one who conceived and implemented successful strategies to promote it as well.
The Business Strategy of Booker T. Washington makes abundantly clear that Washington was not an accommodationist; it will be required reading for any future discussion of this titan of history.
eBook
Booker T. Washington
\"Simple text and photographs present the life of Booker T. Washington\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
The Struggle for America's Promise
InThe Struggle for America's Promise,Claire Goldstene seeks to untangle one of the enduring ideals in American history, that of economic opportunity. She explores the varied discourses about its meaning during the upheavals and corporate consolidations of the Gilded Age. Some proponents of equal opportunity seek to promote upward financial mobility by permitting more people to participate in the economic sphere thereby rewarding merit over inherited wealth. Others use opportunity as a mechanism to maintain economic inequality. This tension, embedded with the idea of equal opportunity itself and continually reaffirmed by immigrant populations, animated social dissent among urban workers while simultaneously serving efforts by business elites to counter such dissent.
Goldstene uses a biographical approach to focus on key figures along a spectrum of political belief as they struggled to reconcile the inherent contradictions of equal opportunity. She considers the efforts of Booker T. Washington in a post-Civil War South to ground opportunity in landownership as an attempt to confront the intersection of race and class. She also explores the determination of the Knights of Labor to define opportunity in terms of controlling one's own labor. She looks at the attempts by Samuel Gompers through the American Federation of Labor as well as by business elites through the National Association of Manufacturers and the National Civic Federation to shift the focus of opportunity to leisure and consumption.The Struggle for America's Promisealso includes such radical figures as Edward Bellamy and Emma Goldman, who were more willing to step beyond the boundaries of the discourse about opportunity and question economic competition itself.
eBook
Creative conflict in African American thought : Frederick Douglass, Alexander Crummell, Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Marcus Garvey
Building upon his previous work and using Richard Hofstadter's The American Political Tradition as a model, Professor Moses has revised and brought together in this book essays that focus on the complexity of, and contradictions in, the thought of five major African-American intellectuals: Frederick Douglass, Alexander Crummell, Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. DuBois and Marcus M. Garvey. In doing so, he challenges both popular and scholarly conceptions of them as villains or heroes. In analyzing the intellectual struggles and contradictions of these five dominant personalities with regard to individual morality and collective reform, Professor Moses shows how they contributed to strategies for black improvement and puts them within the context of other currents of American thought, including Jeffersonian and Jacksonian democracy, Social Darwinism, and progressivism.
eBook
Booker T. Washington in Perspective
This book, an important companion volume to Louis R. Harlan's prize-winning biography of Booker T. Washington, makes available for the first time in one collection Harlan's essays on the life and career of the celebrated black leader.
Written over a span of a quarter of a century, they present a remarkably rich and complex look at Washington, the educator and leading precursor of the Civil Rights Movement who rose from slavery to be the dominant force in black America at the opening of the twentieth century.
Harlan's mastery of biography is revealed in essays printed here exploring the nature of biographical writing. Readers interested in the art of historiography and biography will find here Harlan's essays detailing his experience in crafting his acclaimed biography of Washington, which received two Bancroft Awards, the Beveridge Award, and the Pulitzer Prize.
Booker T. Washington in Perspectivereveals Harlan as historian and biographer in the essays that were the prelude to his masterwork.
eBook
Fifty cents and a dream : young Booker T. Washington
\"Born into slavery, young Booker T. Washington could only dream of learning to read and write. After emancipation, Booker began a five-hundred-mile journey, mostly on foot, to Hampton Institute, taking his first of many steps towards a college degree. When he arrived, he had just fifty cents in his pocket and a dream about to come true.\"--Amazon.com.
BOOK
'We Very Much Prefer to Have a Colored Man in Charge': Booker T. Washington and Tuskegee's All-Black Faculty
[...]there were no non-Black members on faculty at the Alabama institution during Washington's tenure from 1881 to 1915.3 This all-Black faculty did not occur by happenstance. The faculty's intellectual prowess resulted in practical benefits for the surrounding community, including the generation of electricity for the white town in which the institute was located and innovative agricultural discoveries, including new uses for neglected crops such as the cowpea, sweet potato, and peanut.7 In showcasing the capabilities of African Americans within a climate of racism and repression, Washington skillfully refuted white supremacy. [...]the influx of Black instructors into the Deep South served as a form of resistance in the face of calls for the massive removal of Black people from the region by white nationalists like Alabama senator John Tyler Morgan who, in the 1890s, singled out the besteducated African Americans as the first to go.8 Booker T. Washington's commitment to Black advancement through an all-Black faculty is often overshadowed by his promotion of industrial education. Tuskegee's curriculum, by contrast, appeared to prepare Black students for the lowest forms of labor in the New South. [...]several scholars have suggested that Washington's adherence to industrial education accommodated rather than challenged white supremacy and curtailed African Americans' own objectives for their education. According to Trotter, industrial education relegated \"the race to serfdom.
Journal Article