Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
620
result(s) for
"Water Purification Phosphate removal."
Sort by:
Examining the efficacy of biological filters in the removal of agricultural pesticides and nutrient elements from agricultural drainage water
The high water consumption in agriculture has led to an obvious water crisis in this sector, and the use of unconventional water sources, especially agricultural drains, is considered necessary. For this purpose, the present study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of biological filters with different types of substrates for treating agricultural wastewater in Khuzestan province, located in the south of Iran, to use receptive resources and reuse them in agriculture. Next, the efficiency of four types of biological filters for treating agricultural drainage water with different retention times was evaluated. Sawdust, cotton stalks, wheat straw, stubble, and rice husk were used as filters. Qualitative factors included agricultural pesticides (Atrazine, Randup, Paraquat, and 2, 4-D) and nutrients (nitrate, nitrogen, phosphate, and phosphorus). By examining the trend of increasing the retention time and the corresponding removal percentage, it was observed that the retention time has a direct relationship with the amount of removal efficiency of nutrients and agricultural toxins. As the residence time increases, the average amount of nutrient compounds in different filters decreases, and their removal percentage increases. The highest removal percentage of nitrate, total nitrogen, phosphate, and total phosphorus was 74.03, 71.66, 57.97, and 61.85% in the sawdust filter and was assigned to 10 days. The highest percentage of removal of Atrazine, Tofudi, Paraquat, and Roundup toxins with a removal efficiency of 91.73, 84.27, 89.81, and 88.46% was also observed in the treatment of sawdust for 10 days. The sawdust filter showed a good performance in removing the parameters of agricultural toxins and nutrient compounds in a retention time of 10 days compared to other filters and retention times. As a general result, the sawdust filter can be cited as a reliable substrate with acceptable efficiency compared to other filters.
Journal Article
New progress of ammonia recovery during ammonia nitrogen removal from various wastewaters
The recovery of ammonia–nitrogen during wastewater treatment and water purification is increasingly critical in energy and economic development. The concentration of ammonia–nitrogen in wastewater is different depending on the type of wastewater, making it challenging to select ammonia–nitrogen recovery technology. Meanwhile, the conventional nitrogen removal method wastes ammonia–nitrogen resources. Based on the circular economy, this review comprehensively introduces the characteristics of several main ammonia–nitrogen source wastewater plants and their respective challenges in treatment, including municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, livestock and poultry wastewater and landfill leachate. Furthermore, we introduce the main methods currently adopted in the ammonia–nitrogen removal process of wastewater from physical (air stripping, ion exchange and adsorption, membrane and capacitive deionization), chemical (chlorination, struvite precipitation, electrochemical oxidation and photocatalysis) and biological (classical and typical activated sludge, novel methods based on activated sludge, microalgae and photosynthetic bacteria) classification based on the ammonia recovery concept. We discuss the applicable methods of recovering ammonia nitrogen in several main wastewater plants. Finally, we prospect the research direction of ammonia removal and recovery in wastewater based on sustainable development.
Journal Article
Phosphorus - Polluter and Resource of the Future - Removal and Recovery from Wastewater
Phosphorus has always been both a curse and a blessing. On the one hand, it is essential for all life forms and cannot be replaced by anything. On the other hand, wastewater treatment aims to minimize phosphorus concentrations in wastewater in order to minimize its discharge into rivers and lakes, where eutrophication caused by high phosphorus concentrations would lead to excessive plant growth. Phosphorus is extracted from rock phosphate deposits, which are finite and non-renewable. And as the issue of resource conservation is the focus of attention worldwide, phosphorus must be used sustainably. This includes recycling of secondary phosphates, efficient extraction and treatment of raw phosphate as well as its efficient use.
eBook
Nitrate and Phosphate Removal through Enhanced Bioretention Media: Mesocosm Study
Bioretention is an evolving type of Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) designed to attenuate peak flows, reduce stormwater volume, and treat stormwater. This article examines the capabilities of a bioretention soil mixture of sand and compost enhanced with aluminum-based drinking water treatment residuals to reduce nutrients from stormwater runoff. Columns with and without a saturation zone and vegetation were compared to examine their role in removing nitrate and ortho-phosphate from stormwater. Results show that utilization of a saturation zone can significantly reduce nitrate in effluent water (71% compared to 33% without a saturated zone), even in a newly constructed system. However, ortho-phosphate reduction was significantly better in the columns without a saturated zone (80%) compared to columns with (67%). Plants did not significantly improve removal. This suggests amendments such as aluminum-based water treatment residuals for phosphorus removal and a saturation zone for nitrogen removal are needed during the initial establishment period.
Journal Article
Efficient removal of arsenic (V) and methyl orange from aqueous solution using hollow magnetic chitosan composite microspheres: Low arsenic concentration, high adsorption capacity, and minimal adsorbent requirement
In this study, hollow Fe3O4-SiO2-chitosan adsorbent with an optimal chitosan concentration of 2% (w/v) was synthesized to enhance arsenic (V) adsorption performance from low-concentration aqueous solutions. The hollowing process was used to enhance the surface area of the adsorbent and compensate for the surface area reduction of Fe3O4 nanoparticles induced by SiO2 and chitosan coating layers. Furthermore, the adsorption properties of organic pollutants were evaluated using methyl orange as the adsorbate. The microspheres underwent systematic characterization, and their arsenic (V) and methyl orange adsorption capacities were evaluated under various influencing factors. The results indicated improved surface area (202.174 m2/g) compared to non-hollow magnetic adsorbents (110 m2/g) reported in previous studies. Complete arsenic (V) removal (100%) was achieved within 60 minutes at a concentration of 0.2 mg/L, using an adsorbent dose of 0.012 g at pH 5. The optimal adsorbent doses for methyl orange (0.1 g/L) and arsenic (V) (0.5 g/L) were notably lower than those reported in previous studies. The electrostatic attraction was likely the dominant mechanism for arsenic (V) adsorption, whereas methyl orange adsorption may involve n-π interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic forces. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the Langmuir isotherm, with maximum adsorption capacities of 175.086 mg/g for arsenic (V) at pH 5 and 2399.910 mg/g for methyl orange at pH 3. The adsorbent showed significant potential for removing arsenic (V) and methyl orange, particularly from acidic wastewater. Moreover, the adsorbent maintained significant portion of its initial adsorption capacity for As(V) and methyl orange even in the presence of competing anions such as phosphate, sulfate, chloride, and nitrate. After four adsorption-desorption cycles, it retained over 90% of its adsorption capacity, demonstrating excellent selectivity, stability, and strong potential for the effective removal of both As(V) and methyl orange from aqueous solutions.
Journal Article
Application of physicochemical techniques to the removal of ammonia nitrogen from water: a systematic review
Ammonia nitrogen is a common pollutant in water and soil, known for its biological toxicity and complex removal process. Traditional biological methods for removing ammonia nitrogen are often inefficient, especially under varying temperature conditions. This study reviews physicochemical techniques for the treatment and recovery of ammonia nitrogen from water. Key methods analyzed include ion exchange, adsorption, membrane separation, struvite precipitation, and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Findings indicate that these methods not only remove ammonia nitrogen but also allow for nitrogen recovery. Ion exchange, adsorption, and membrane separation are effective in separating ammonia nitrogen, while AOPs generate reactive species for efficient degradation. Struvite precipitation offers dual benefits of removal and resource recovery. Despite their advantages, these methods face challenges such as secondary pollution and high energy consumption. This paper highlights the development principles, current challenges, and future prospects of physicochemical techniques, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches to enhance ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency.
Journal Article
Removal of heavy metals and pollutants by membrane adsorption techniques
Application of polymeric membranes for the adsorption of hazardous pollutants may lead to the development of next-generation reusable and portable water purification appliances. Membranes for membrane adsorption (MA) have the dual function of membrane filtration and adsorption to be very effective to remove trace amounts of pollutants such as cationic heavy metals, anionic phosphates and nitrates. In this review article, recent progresses in the development of MA membranes are surveyed. In addition, recent progresses in the development of advanced adsorbents such as nanoparticles are summarized, since they are potentially useful as fillers in the host membrane to enhance its performance. The future directions of R&D in this field are also shown in the conclusion section.
Journal Article
Phosphate adsorption from wastewater using ZnAl-LDO-loaded modified banana straw biochar
ZnAl-layered double hydroxide-loaded banana straw biochar (ZnAl-LDH-BSB) was prepared via the hydrothermal method, and the efficient phosphorus removal agent ZnAl-LDO-BSB was obtained by calcination at 500 °C. Based on the ZnAl-LDO-BSB adsorption characteristics, the adsorption mechanism was evaluated via TG/DTA, FTIR, XRD, SEM, HRTEM, and other characterization methods. The results showed that the ZnAl-LDO-BSB assembled into microspheres with typical hexagonal lamellar structures and presented good thermal stability. The adsorption of total phosphate (TP) by ZnAl-LDO-BSB conforms to the Langmuir model, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity is 185.19 mg g
−1
. The adsorption kinetics were in accordance with the second-order kinetic model, and the anion influence on TP adsorption followed the order CO
3
2−
> SO
4
2−
> NO
3
−
. The combination of zeta potential measurements with the FTIR, XRD, SEM, HRTEM, and XPS results suggested that ZnAl-LDO-BSB adsorbs TP mainly by electrostatic adsorption, surface coordination, and anion intercalation.
Graphical abstract
Journal Article
Phosphorous in the environment: characteristics with distribution and effects, removal mechanisms, treatment technologies, and factors affecting recovery as minerals in natural and engineered systems
Phosphorus (P), an essential element for living cells, is present in different soluble and adsorbed chemical forms found in soil, sediment, and water. Most species are generally immobile and easily adsorbed onto soil particles. However, P is a major concern owing to its serious environmental effects (e.g., eutrophication, scale formation) when found in excess in natural or engineered environments. Commercial chemicals, fertilizers, sewage effluent, animal manure, and agricultural waste are the major sources of P pollution. But there is limited P resources worldwide. Therefore, the fate, effects, and transport of P in association with its removal, treatment, and recycling in natural and engineered systems are important. P removal and recycling technologies utilize different types of physical, biological, and chemical processes. Moreover, P minerals (struvite, vivianite, etc.) can precipitate and form scales in drinking water and wastewater systems. Hence, P minerals (e.g., struvite, vivianite etc.) are problems when left uncontrolled and unmonitored although their recovery is beneficial (e.g., slow release fertilizers, sustainable P sources, soil enhancers). Sources like wastewater, human waste, waste nutrient solution, etc. can be used for P recycling. This review paper extensively summarizes the importance and distribution of P in different environmental compartments, the effects of P in natural and engineered systems, P removal mechanisms through treatment, and recycling technologies specially focusing on various types of phosphate mineral precipitation. In particular, the factors controlling mineral (e.g., struvite and vivianite) precipitation in natural and engineered systems are also discussed.
Journal Article