Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
40,037
result(s) for
"Water cycle"
Sort by:
Introduction to water resources and environmental issues
\"How much water does the world need to support growing human populations? What factors influence water quality, droughts, floods, and waterborne diseases? What are the potential effects of climate change on the world's water resources? These questions and more are discussed in this thorough introduction to the complex world of water resources. The strength of the book is its coverage of the fundamentals of the science of water, aquatic ecology, geomorphology and hydrology, supplemented by internet resources and examples from water resource issues in the news to engage the student. The book begins with a short history of human use and influence on water, followed by chapters on the geomorphology, hydrology, chemistry, and biology of lakes, rivers, and wetlands. Major disease issues, worldwide water quality and quantity problems, and potential solutions are addressed. Water laws, water allocation, and the conflicts involved are discussed using US and international examples. Students in departments of environmental studies, life science, Earth science, and engineering will benefit from this broad survey of these crucial issues\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Global virtual water trade and the hydrological cycle: patterns, drivers, and socio-environmental impacts
The increasing global demand for farmland products is placing unprecedented pressure on the global agricultural system and its water resources. Many regions of the world, that are affected by a chronic water scarcity relative to their population, strongly depend on the import of agricultural commodities and associated embodied (or virtual) water. The globalization of water through virtual water trade (VWT) is leading to a displacement of water use and a disconnection between human populations and the water resources they rely on. Despite the recognized importance of these phenomena in reshaping the patterns of water dependence through teleconnections between consumers and producers, their effect on global and regional water resources has just started to be quantified. This review investigates the global spatiotemporal dynamics, drivers, and impacts of VWT through an integrated analysis of surface water, groundwater, and root-zone soil moisture consumption for agricultural production; it evaluates how virtual water flows compare to the major 'physical water fluxes' in the Earth System; and provides a new reconceptualization of the hydrologic cycle to account also for the role of water redistribution by the hidden 'virtual water cycle'.
Journal Article
A project guide to earth's waters
Introduces basic scientific principles about water and the water cycle, providing instructions for simple experiments that examine such topics as solubility, density, the pH scale, and capillarity.
Book
PSI Mehler reaction is the main alternative photosynthetic electron pathway in Symbiodinium sp., symbiotic dinoflagellates of cnidarians
Photosynthetic organisms have developed various photoprotective mechanisms to cope with exposure to high light intensities. In photosynthetic dinoflagellates that live in symbiosis with cnidarians, the nature and relative amplitude of these regulatory mechanisms are a matter of debate. In our study, the amplitude of photosynthetic alternative electron flows (AEF) to oxygen (chlororespiration, Mehler reaction), the mitochondrial respiration and the Photosystem I (PSI) cyclic electron flow were investigated in strains belonging to three clades (A1, B1 and F1) of Symbiodinium. Cultured Symbiodinium strains were maintained under identical environmental conditions, and measurements of oxygen evolution, fluorescence emission and absorption changes at specific wavelengths were used to evaluate PSI and PSII electron transfer rates (ETR). A light‐ and O₂‐dependent ETR was observed in all strains. This electron transfer chain involves PSII and PSI and is insensitive to inhibitors of mitochondrial activity and carbon fixation. We demonstrate that in all strains, the Mehler reaction responsible for photoreduction of oxygen by the PSI under high light, is the main AEF at the onset and at the steady state of photosynthesis. This sustained photosynthetic AEF under high light intensities acts as a photoprotective mechanism and leads to an increase of the ATP/NADPH ratio.
Journal Article
Water changes
Learn about the different forms that water takes, and the ways we interact with the various forms.
Book
Ocean Salinity and the Global Water Cycle
Alterations to the global water cycle are of concern as Earth's climate changes. Although policymakers are mainly interested in changes to terrestrial rainfall—where, when, and how much it's going to rain—the largest component of the global water cycle operates over the ocean where nearly all of Earth's free water resides. Approximately 80% of Earth's surface freshwater fluxes occur over the ocean; its surface salinity responds to changing evaporation and precipitation patterns by displaying salty or fresh anomalies. The salinity field integrates sporadic surface fluxes over time, and after accounting for ocean circulation and mixing, salinity changes resulting from long-term alternations to surface evaporation and precipitation are evident. Thus, ocean salinity measurements can provide insights into water-cycle operation and its long-term change. Although poor observational coverage and an incomplete view of the interaction of all water-cycle components limits our understanding, climate models are beginning to provide insights that are complementing observations. This new information suggests that the global water cycle is rapidly intensifying.
Journal Article
Pitter and Patter
\"The water cycle becomes a down-to-earth reality when children follow Pitter on his overland journey from cloud to ocean, and Patter on her journey from cloud to ocean by way of an underground route. In the ocean they meet and join in a cloud once again. 'Explore More' endnotes provide additional explanations of water cycle principles\"-- Provided by the publisher.
Book
Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in the urban water cycle
This study investigates the antibiotic resistance fate in the urban water cycle, evaluating the dynamics of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in three different full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and two drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) located in the same geographical area (North-West of Italy). ARB (tetracycline-, ampicillin-, and sulfonamide-resistant bacteria) were quantified by plate counting and the abundances of selected ARGs (i.e.,
tet
A,
bla
TEM
, and
sul
II) and
intI
1 gene were measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Higher concentrations of ARB and ARGs were observed in the WWTPs with respect to the DWTPs identifying the WWTP as hotspot for the spread of antibiotic resistances. Although a significant reduction of ARB and ARGs was observed in WWTPs and DWTPs after the treatment, none of the detected ARB or ARGs was completely removed in drinking water. The stability of the antibiotic-resistant rates between inlet and outlet associated with the reduction of relative ARG abundances underlined that both the treatments (WWTs and DWTs) did not apply any selective pressure. The overall results highlighted the importance to investigate the antibiotic resistance dynamics in aquatic ecosystems involved in urban water cycle integrating the information obtained by culture-dependent method with the culture-independent one and the need to monitor the presence of ARB and ARGs mainly in drinking water that represents a potential route of transmission to human.
Journal Article
Water
\"[Readers] will learn about the water cycle, discovering how rain and snow flow into our lakes, rivers, and oceans, and later evaporate into the sky again.\"--Amazon.com.
Book
Constraints on Bend‐Faulting and Mantle Hydration at the Marianas Trench From Seismic Anisotropy
Subduction zones are a key link between the surface water cycle and the solid Earth, as the incoming plate carries pore water and hydrous minerals into the subsurface. However, water fluxes from surface to subsurface reservoirs over geologic time are highly uncertain because the volume of water carried in hydrous minerals in the slab mantle is poorly constrained. Estimates of slab mantle hydration based on seismic tomography assume bulk serpentinization, representing an upper bound on water volume. We measure azimuthal seismic anisotropy near the Marianas Trench, use spatial variations in anisotropy to constrain the extent and geometry of bend‐related faulting, and place a lower bound on slab mantle water content for the case where serpentinization is confined within fault zones. The seismic observations can be explained by a minimum of ∼0.85 wt% water in the slab mantle, compared to the upper bound of ∼2 wt% obtained from tomography. Plain Language Summary The global water cycle extends into Earth's interior at subduction zones, where tectonic plates carrying water chemically bound in rocks and minerals descend into the mantle. The amount of water cycled into the mantle by subduction is not well known. Part of the water flux can be estimated by measuring seismic velocities in the subducting plate, since the water‐bearing minerals tend to have slower seismic velocities, but this is an upper bound because it assumes that the water‐bearing minerals are evenly distributed when in reality they are more likely to be localized within fault zones. We use seismic anisotropy, variations in wavespeed with propagation direction, to study the degree of faulting near the Marianas Trench and estimate a lower bound on the water flux from surface to subsurface assuming that water‐bearing minerals are only within faults. Key Points We measure spatial variations in upper mantle anisotropy that indicate bend‐faulting near the Marianas Trench Hydration localized to bend‐faults places a lower bound on the amount of water carried in the subducting slab mantle Synthetic seismograms compared to the observed anisotropy indicate a minimum of 0.85 wt% water in the slab mantle
Journal Article